Effect of absence of vision on posture

Alotaibi, Abdullah Z.; Alghadir, Ahmad H.; Iqbal, Zaheen A.; Anwer, Shahnawaz

doi:10.1589/jpts.28.1374

Cited by 20 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…First, the postural control in static condition requires the visual system to provide the feedback information to complete the balance task. It is because this information relates to position and orientation of the body’s position [ 55 ]. Second, exergame modality, which integrates with the virtual reality technology, requires the body movements during a game.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of virtual reality-based balance training on motor learning and postural control in healthy adults: a randomized preliminary study

et al. 2018

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BackgroundAdults with sedentary lifestyles seem to face a higher risk of falling in their later years. Several causes, such as impairment of strength, coordination, and cognitive function, influence worsening health conditions, including balancing ability. Many modalities can be applied to improve the balance function and prevent falling. Several studies have also recorded the effects of balance training in elderly adults for fall prevention. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to define the effect of virtual reality-based balance training on motor learning and postural control abilities in healthy adults.MethodsFor this study, ten subjects were randomly allocated into either the conventional exercise (CON) or the virtual reality (VR) group. The CON group underwent physical balance training, while the VR group used the virtual reality system 4 weeks. In the VR group, the scores from three game modes were utilized to describe the effect of motor learning and define the learning curves that were derived with the power law function. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was performed to analyze the postural control in five standing tasks, and data were collected with the help of a force plate.ResultsThe average score was used to describe the effect of motor learning by deriving the mathematical models for determining the learning curve. Additionally, the models were classified into two exponential functions that relied on the aim and requirement skills. A negative exponential function was observed in the game mode, which requires the cognitive-motor function. In contrast, a positive exponential function was found in the game with use of only the motor skill. Moreover, this curve and its model were also used to describe the effect of learning in the long term and the ratio of difficulty in each game. In the balance performance, there was a significant decrease in the center of pressure parameters in the VR group, while in the CON group, there was a significant increase in the parameters during some foot placements, especially in the medio-lateral direction.ConclusionThe proposed VR-based training relies on the effect of motor learning in long-term training though different kinds of task training. In postural analysis, both exercise programs are emphasized to improve the balance ability in healthy adults. However, the virtual reality system can promote better outcomes to improve postural control post exercising.Trial registration Retrospectively registered on 25 April 2018. Trial number TCTR20180430005Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12938-018-0550-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of virtual reality-based balance training on motor learning and postural control in healthy adults: a randomized preliminary study

et al. 2018

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“…People with visual impairment exhibit visual acuity of less than 6/60 in their better eye; visual acuity less than 3/60 in the better eye is referred to as blindness (Acheson, 2010;De Araújo et al, 2014). Congenital or acquired loss of vision leads to the development of abnormal sensory and motor interactions that result in the development of typical musculoskeletal deformities; these then lead to faulty gait patterns, which cause disability (Alotaibi, Alghadir, Iqbal, & Anwer, 2016;Barlow, 1955;Nakamura, 1997). People with visual impairment are unable to perform their daily activities, become dependent, and experience poor quality of life (Markowitz, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural stability in people with visual impairment

2019

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BackgroundThe visual system enables the brain to assess information regarding the position of the body in space. Congenital or acquired blindness leads to the development of abnormal sensory‐motor interactions that results in development of typical musculoskeletal deformities and gait patterns that cause disability. Diabetes and related complications are expected to increase exponentially in the next 10 years; thus, the number of people with visual impairment is expected to increase. However, there have been few studies regarding etio‐pathogenesis of postural alteration and balance impairment in people with visual impairment; moreover, no previous study has investigated postural stability in this population. This study aimed to assess the center of gravity (COG) velocity in subjects with visual impairment and compared with that in sighted subjects.MethodsSeventy male subjects, 20–40 years of age, participated in this study; they were divided into sighted (control) and visually impaired groups. COG velocity while standing on an unstable surface was measured using the NeuroCom® Balance Master Version 8.5.0. For the sighted group, data were recorded with eyes open and then with eyes closed. For the visually impaired group, no instructions were given with respect to eyes during data collection.ResultsMean COG velocity was significantly higher in the visually impaired group than in the sighted group with eyes open. However, there was no difference in mean COG velocity between the visually impaired group and the sighted group with eyes closed. The difference in mean COG velocity between sighted subjects with eyes open and eyes closed was also significant. Mean COG velocity while standing on a foam surface varied among visually impaired subjects and sighted subjects with eyes open and closed.ConclusionThis study showed that subjects with visual impairment, regardless of eye opening or closure, behave in the same manner as sighted subjects with eyes closed.

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“…The visual system is one of the main sensory systems that enable the body to assess and process information about external factors, such as relative positions of body segments, and to adjust posture according to need. Absence of vision leads to deficiencies in posture due to inadequate interaction with the environment and affects normal patterns of gait and balance (7) .…”

Section: Discussion:-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that there is balance impairment in the blind when compared to the same age normal vision population. Absence of vision leads to numerous abnormal sensory & motor interactions that often limit the blind people in isolation (7) . But there is no clarity as to which domain or component of balance is the most affected.…”

Section: Blindnessmentioning

confidence: 99%