Effect of Abdominal Obesity on Insulin Resistance and the Components of the Metabolic Syndrome: Evidence Supporting Obesity as the Central Feature

Türkoğlu, Çavlan; Duman, Belgin Süsleyici; Günay, Demet; Çağatay, Penbe; Ozcan, R; Büyükdevrim, Ahmet Sevim

doi:10.1381/096089203322509255

Cited by 47 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It is well recognized that AO plays a central role in the development of MetS and contributes significantly to the progression of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases [10]. In a meta-analysis of studies assessing the impact of bodyweight on CHD, a five-unit increase in body mass index (BMI) was associated with a 29% increase in CHD risk [11].…”

Section: Abdominal Obesity and Adipokine Imbalancementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of leptin/adiponectin ratio in metabolic syndrome and diabetes

López‐Jaramillo¹,

Gómez-Arbeláez²,

López‐López

et al. 2013

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

335

299

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Abstract:The metabolic syndrome comprises a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, with insulin resistance and adiposity as its central features. Identifying individuals with metabolic syndrome is important due to its association with an increased risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Attention has focused on the visceral adipose tissue production of cytokines (adipokines) in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus, as the levels of the anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin are decreased, while proinflammatory cytokines are elevated, creating a proinflammatory state associated with insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we will give special attention to the role of the leptin/adiponectin ratio. We have previously demonstrated that in individuals with severe coronary artery disease, abdominal obesity was uniquely related to decreased plasma concentrations of adiponectin and increased leptin levels. Leptin/adiponectin imbalance was associated with increased waist circumference and a decreased vascular response to acetylcholine and increased vasoconstriction due to angiotensin II. Leptin and adiponectin have opposite effects on subclinical inflammation and insulin resistance. Leptin upregulates proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6; these are associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In contrast, adiponectin has anti-inflammatory properties and downregulates the expression and release of a number of proinflammatory immune mediators. Therefore, it appears that interactions between angiotensin II and leptin/adiponectin imbalance may be important mediators of the elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases associated with abdominal obesity.

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Section: Abdominal Obesity and Adipokine Imbalancementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of leptin/adiponectin ratio in metabolic syndrome and diabetes

López‐Jaramillo¹,

Gómez-Arbeláez²,

López‐López

et al. 2013

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

335

299

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This epidemic is largely attributed to the proliferation of key risk factors, which include a sedentary lifestyle, a high-fat diet, obesity, and the demographic shift to a more aged population. There is ample evidence that abdominal obesity and physical inactivity contribute significantly to the development of type 2 diabetes (Turkoglu et al, 2003;Steyn et al, 2004). At the cellular level, an increase in ectopic fat storage in nonadipose tissues such as skeletal muscle, liver, and pancreas is a strong predictor of the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (Sinha et al, 2002;Hulver et al, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Expression Analysis in Rats Treated with Experimental Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase Inhibitors Suggests Interactions with the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Pathway

Waring¹,

Yang²,

Healan-Greenberg³

et al. 2007

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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Acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) 2, which catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA, has been identified as a potential target for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Small-molecule inhibitors of ACC2 would be expected to reduce de novo lipid synthesis and increase lipid oxidation. Treatment of ob/ob mice with compound A-908292 (S) ({(S)-3-[2-(4-isopropoxy-phenoxy)-thiazol-5-yl]-1-methylprop-2-ynyl}-carbamic acid methyl ester), a small-molecule inhibitor with an IC 50 of 23 nM against ACC2, resulted in a reduction of serum glucose and triglyceride levels. However, compound A-875400 (R) ({(R)-3-[2-(4-isopropoxy-phenoxy)-thiazol-5-yl]-1-methyl-prop-2-ynyl}-carbamic acid methyl ester), an inactive enantiomer of A-908292 (S) with approximately 50-fold less activity against ACC2, also caused a similar reduction in glucose and triglycerides, suggesting that the glucose-lowering effects in ob/ob mice may be mediated by other metabolic pathways independent of ACC2 inhibition. To characterize the pharmacological activity of these experimental compounds at a transcriptional level, rats were orally dosed for 3 days with either A-908292 (S) or A-875400 (R), and gene expression analysis was performed. Gene expression analysis of livers showed that treatment with A-908292 (S) or A-875400 (R) resulted in gene expression profiles highly similar to known peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-␣ activators. The results suggest that, in vivo, both A-908292 (S) and A-875400 (R) stimulated the PPAR-␣-dependent signaling pathway. These results were further supported by both an in vitro genomic evaluation using rat hepatocytes and immunohistochemical evaluation using 70-kDa peroxisomal membrane protein. Overall, the gene expression analysis suggests a plausible mechanism for the similar pharmacological findings with active and inactive enantiomers of an ACC2 inhibitor.

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“…8 Currently, bariatric surgery is the only interventional method proved to induce significant long-term weight reduction. 9 Studies have demonstrated that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 10 vertical banded gastroplasty, 11 and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding 12 can result in significant clinical improvement in DM after weight loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short- and Long-term Effects of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Body Weight and Glucose Homeostasis in Diabetic Patients

Abdel‐Mohsen¹,

Badr²

2017

WJOLS

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Introduction: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is being performed more frequently and is currently very "trendy" among laparoscopic surgeons involved in bariatric surgery. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is associated with a marked reduction of ghrelin secretion, which is produced by the gastric fundus involved in mealtime hunger regulation, and it is also known to extend several diabetogenic effects.

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Effect of Abdominal Obesity on Insulin Resistance and the Components of the Metabolic Syndrome: Evidence Supporting Obesity as the Central Feature

Abstract: Abdominal adiposity appears to have a pivotal role in the development of IRS.

Cited by 47 publications

References 23 publications

The role of leptin/adiponectin ratio in metabolic syndrome and diabetes

The role of leptin/adiponectin ratio in metabolic syndrome and diabetes

Gene Expression Analysis in Rats Treated with Experimental Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase Inhibitors Suggests Interactions with the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Pathway

Short- and Long-term Effects of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Body Weight and Glucose Homeostasis in Diabetic Patients

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