Effect of abamectin on development of chick embryo

Abstract

Abamectin is widely used as an insecticide and pesticide on crops. Despite of its beneficial uses it also induces some adverse effects like it causes infertility in farmers who frequently encounter abamectin. It is broadly used but little is known about its effects on avian. To check its teratogenic effects on developing chick embryo abamectin is injected into fertilized chick embryos. In chick embryo, gross anomalies and morphological changes are observed. The results of this experiment indicated that low dose of abamectin has adverse effects than that of high dose, as low dose of abamectin reduces the growth rate of developing chick embryo and delayed hatching. Moreover, hatched chicks are physically weak.

Morphological, Histological Changes and Acetyl Cholinesterase Activity in Chicken Embryos After Exposure to Abamectin Insecticide

“…The current study revealed that treatment of chick embryos with Abamectin at does 360 and/or 540 ppm causes droopy wings as well as splayed legs, which led to paralysis or weakness of baby chicks. This finding is in agreement with Sardar and colleagues who showed that Abamectin at dose 5, 10 mg/kg causes muscle weakness and also impaired movement (Sardar et al, 2020). Exposure to Abamectin insecticide results in the decrease of swimming speeds in fish after 48 hours of treatment (Kushwaha et al, 2020).…”

“…Pesticide affects neuron transmitter Acetylcholine by inhibition cholinesterase enzyme activity and then leading to accumulation on neuromuscular synaptic and occurrence neurotoxicity (Wilson et al, 2005;Bjorling-Poulsen et al, 2008). Acetyl cholinesterase inhibition is a bio indicator for exposure toxic pesticides (Abass, 2014;Fossati et al, 2015), which leads to physiological weakness (Sardar et al, 2020) neuronal degeneration (Kennedy et al, 2014;Thiripurasundari et al, 2014) and changing behaviour in Oreochromis mossambicus (Kushwaha et al, 2020). The exposure to insecticides is associated with inhibition of acetyl choline-esterase in the central nerve system especially in the brain (Wilson et al, 2005) due to the lipophilic of Abamectin properties (Khanna et al, 2002;Novelli et al, 2012).…”