Effect of abalone farming on sediment geochemistry in the Shallow Sea near Wando, South Korea

Effect of abalone farming on seawater movement and benthic foraminiferal assemblage of Zostera marina in the inner bay of Wando, South Korea

“…The abalone farm in the Jalpori area began operation in the late 1990s, which mostly correlates to the 18-20 cm depth in the CRS data ( Table 2). The deposition of silt may have been caused by the supply of biodeposits discharged from the abalone farm, which, at 19 cm, corresponds with that of the Mirari area, which is a well-known abalone farm in Wando (Kang et al, 2015).…”

“…The effluents from cage cultures in aquaculture including fish, mussel, and abalone farms are composed of mainly uneaten food, and fecal and urinary products. These are released directly into the surrounding environment and result in many environmental problems such as eutrophication, growth retardation, and changes in the benthos communities (Guo and Li, 2003;Yucel-Gier et al, 2007;McKindsey et al, 2011;Kang et al, 2015;Lee et al, 2016). The extent of the environmental impact of aquaculture depends on the amount of nutrients and organic matter (OM) released as well as the hydrodynamic processes such as waves, current activity, and water residence time (Ackefors and Enell, 1994;Wu, 1995;Aure et al, 2007;Duarte et al, 2008;Stevens et al, 2008;Strohmeier et al, 2008).…”

“…In farming, the juveniles are grown to the market size by using a variety of implements and methods, such as long-line rafts, sea cages or barrels, land-based tanks, intertidal ponds, and stock enhancement (Lucas and Southgate, 2012). However, abalone farming has received relatively little attention, even though it creates a greater potential risk of contamination in marine sediments as compared to fish farms and many effluents discharged from the abalone farming activities in long-line rafts systems flow into the marine sediments (Kang et al, 2015).…”

“…Nearly all abalone farmers in Korea use this method. These abalone cages are distributed mostly along shallow coastal areas with seagrass or seaweed beds (Kang et al, 2015). The objective of this study is to define the effect of abalone farm facilities on seawater movement and that of biodeposits discharged from abalone farms on the benthic foraminiferal assemblages that inhabit seagrass and the environmental habitat of seagrass.…”

Molecular cloning of metal-responsive transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) and transcriptional responses to metal and heat stresses in Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai

“…During the last decade, the remarkable growth of abalone production in a quantitative term has been achieved (Park and Kim 2013). However, more recently, the sustainable progress of abalone culture has been considerably hurdled by the depressed productivity mainly in relation to frequent outbreaks of high mortality and physiological deformity in many abalone farms (Park and Kim 2013;Kang et al 2015). Considering that abalone farming in Korea mainly relies on the net-cage facility installed in coastal areas, the heavy metals or other related pollutants contaminated in both water and sediments could be significant factors to provoke cellular toxicity and oxidative stress in farmed abalones (Kim et al 2007).…”