Effect of a Tryptophan Deficiency on Thyroid Gland, Growth Hormone and Testicular Functions in Chickens

Carew, L. B.; Alster, F. A.; Foss, D. C.; Scanes, Colin G.

doi:10.1093/jn/113.9.1756

Cited by 42 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Blood 5-HT levels were measured since they have been related with misbehaviour (feather pecking) in layers and BW gain in broilers, respectively (Carew et al, 1983). Relations between behavioural responses and 5-HT were also reported for broilers (Kostal and Savory, 1996;Shea-Moore et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Immunological and Physiological Differences Between Layer- and Broiler Chickens after Concurrent Intratracheal Administration of Lipopolysaccharide and Human Serum Albumin

Parmentier¹,

Reilingh²,

Freke³

et al. 2010

International J. of Poultry Science

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Layers and broilers were concurrently intratracheally challenged with 0.5 mg Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 0.1 mg Human Serum Albumin (HuSA) at 3 weeks of age. Specific total and isotype-specific (IgM, IgG, IgA) Antibody (Ab) responses to HuSA during 3 weeks following immunization, cellular in vitro mitogen responses to Concanavalin A (Con A) and specific cellular responses in vitro to different dosages of HuSA, blood serotonin (5-HT) levels, plasma Corticosterone (CORT) levels at 6 weeks of age and ex vivo nitric oxide (NO) production in the presence of LPS, respectively, were measured in all birds. Higher in vitro cellular responses to HuSA, but not Con A, were found in the broilers than in the layers. Also higher total, IgM and IgG antibody responses to HuSA were found in the broilers. Higher ex vivo NO production was found in the layers. A heavier spleen weight was found in the broilers, but relative spleen weight was higher in the layers. The broilers grew much heavier and also maintained a higher growth during the first 24 and 48 h after i.t. challenge with LPS and HuSA. No breed effect was found for body temperature responses after i.t. challenge. Blood 5-HT levels and plasma CORT levels were significantly higher in the layers. Number and type of significant correlations between 5-HT levels, cachectin response to LPS, antibody levels and cellular immunity differed between breeds. Our data suggest comparable immune responses to i.t. HuSA challenge in broilers and layers of similar age and confirm the earlier reported higher humoral immune response in broilers. On the other hand, the cachectin response to LPS differed between broilers and layers. Our results do not confirm the earlier reported higher cellular immune response of layers. Different significant relationships between physiological parameters in broilers and layers were found. Our results suggest that selection for enhanced growth does not necessarily affect specific immune competence of poultry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Immunological and Physiological Differences Between Layer- and Broiler Chickens after Concurrent Intratracheal Administration of Lipopolysaccharide and Human Serum Albumin

Parmentier¹,

Reilingh²,

Freke³

et al. 2010

International J. of Poultry Science

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“…Plasma thyroxine (T4) was analyzed by double antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA) as described previously (Carew et al, 1983). Plasma 3,5,3'triiodothyronine (T 3 ) was analyzed by single antibody RIA with Gamma Coat tm RIA kits (Clinical Assays, Cambridge, MA.).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Phosphorus Deficiency on Thyroid Function and Growth Hormone in the White Leghorn Male

et al. 1985

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Leghorn males, 66 to 96 days of age, were fed a diet marginally deficient in phosphorus (.14% nonphytate). Growth and feed intake were significantly reduced, but plasma calcium and phosphorus were unchanged. Bone ash was significantly reduced compared to pair-fed controls but not ad libitum-fed controls. Thyroid size increased and plasma growth hormone (GH) levels decreased with the deficiency, apart from any effect attributable to the lower food intake and weight gain. Plasma 3,5,3'triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were not significantly changed, although there was a tendency for T4 to be lower in the deficient chickens. As both thyroid size and plasma GH are regulated partly by pituitary function, dietary phosphorus may alter endocrine function through changes in pituitary metabolism.

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“…Protein restricted chickens are characterized by a reduced plasma T 4 and increased plasma T 3 level (Buyse et al, 2001). Carew et al (1983; reported that dietary deficiencies of some individual essential amino acids may affect thyroid function in chicks. have categorized the mechanisms by which protein and essential amino acid deficiencies alter thyroid function in several animal species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of glycine and glutamic acid supplementation to low protein diets on performance, thyroid function and fat deposition in chickens

et al. 2010

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Consumption of low crude protein (CP) diets causes elevation in fat accumulation in chickens, and this effect is independent of dietary essential amino acid levels. Thyroid hormones, because of their metabolic regulatory characteristics, might be an effective factor in lipogenesis. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate the influence of low CP diets on hormonal function of the thyroid. Two hundred and sixteen male broiler chicks, 10 -25 days of age, were fed experimental diets that contained 230, 210, 190 and 170 g CP/kg with adequate amounts of total and digestible essential amino acids at or above NRC (1994) recommendations. Two other diets were the same as the 190 and 170 g CP/kg diets but contained additional glycine and glutamic acid. Reduction in CP below 190 g/kg led to a decline in body weight and feed intake and an increase in fat deposition in body, as would be expected. Plasma T 4 concentration decreased significantly in the birds on the 170 g CP/kg diet and supplementation of glycine and glutamic acid had no effect on hormonal levels of the thyroid despite the reduction in whole-body and abdominal cavity fat deposition. Plasma T 3 concentration was not affected. Therefore, it is concluded that a reduction in circulatory levels of T 4 that occurs in broiler chicks fed diets containing below 190 g CP/kg though with adequate essential amino acids, may be an effective method of increasing fat deposition.

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Effect of a Tryptophan Deficiency on Thyroid Gland, Growth Hormone and Testicular Functions in Chickens

Cited by 42 publications

References 33 publications

Immunological and Physiological Differences Between Layer- and Broiler Chickens after Concurrent Intratracheal Administration of Lipopolysaccharide and Human Serum Albumin

Immunological and Physiological Differences Between Layer- and Broiler Chickens after Concurrent Intratracheal Administration of Lipopolysaccharide and Human Serum Albumin

Effect of a Phosphorus Deficiency on Thyroid Function and Growth Hormone in the White Leghorn Male

Effects of glycine and glutamic acid supplementation to low protein diets on performance, thyroid function and fat deposition in chickens

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