“…The presence of acids, produced from acetyl groups on hemicelluloses, accelerates the degradation of polysaccharide components. , These acids can be generated or added using catalysts. Commonly used catalysts include AlCl 3 , , H 2 SO 4 , Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , ,− ZnCl 2 , , H 3 PO 4 , oligolactic acid, and citric acid . Catalyst pretreatment reduces available sorption sites through adsorption-bridge reactions between metal ions and polar groups, leading to improved dimensional stability and reduced equilibrium moisture content until a certain level of mass loss. , …”