Effect of a Surface-Active Cation on Fluoride/Enamel Interactions in vitro

Čáslavská, V.; Duschner, H.

doi:10.1159/000261338

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…On the basis of photoemission studies on bovine or human enamel, it was hitherto believed that fluoridation affects the enamel up to microscopic depths, i.e., depending on parameters such as application time, pH value, temperature, and F – concentration, the thickness of FAp layers ranges from several tens of nanometers to several microns. − However, in 2010, experiments on synthetic HAp samples, as representing a macroscopic counterpart of a single grain from enamel, revealed that the thickness of the FAp layer is just in the range of about 10 nm . This experimental finding is supported by former molecular dynamic simulations predicting that “the fluoride is not expected to penetrate deeply into the apatite material” .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Dependence of Fluoride Uptake in Hydroxyapatite

Faidt

Zeitz

Grandthyll

et al. 2017

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Fluoridation of enamel is believed to provide an effective tool to protect teeth from caries, but there is still little information on the time scale of fluoride uptake. In this study, highly compressed pellets of hydroxyapatite are used as first-order model systems to approximate the mineral component of natural enamel for investigations on the time-dependence of fluoride uptake. We found that both the overall amount of fluoride as well as the mean thickness of the fluoridated surface layer cannot be extended to any values just by increasing the application time of a fluoride containing agent. Instead, both parameters start to become constant on a time scale of about 3 min. The present results as obtained on a synthetic model “tooth” show that the time scale to provide the maximum amount of fluoride possible is of the same order of magnitude as that in usual daily practice in dental care when applying toothpastes or mouth rinses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Dependence of Fluoride Uptake in Hydroxyapatite

Faidt

Zeitz

Grandthyll

et al. 2017

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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“…In Germany, for example, the economical loss caused by caries increased from 6.4 billion euros in 2002 to 7.5 billion euros in 2004 . Data from clinical investigations clearly demonstrate the cariostatic effect of fluoride compounds in various forms of applications. − Although numerous experimental studies have been performed up to now, − no model comprehensively describes the reaction mechanisms of fluoride with enamel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combined with Ar ion etching, the surface sensitivity of XPS allows investigating the chemistry of the surface of the sample layer-by-layer with a depth resolution in the range of 1 nm. So far, literature reports on a large variety of such investigations, − but the results of these studies are often contradictory, and therefore, there is still no consistent picture concerning the mechanism of fluoridation. In contrast, it seems that each new experiment provides new results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A possible clue to explain the discrepancies of previous studies could lie in the samples that were used to investigate fluoridation. In most of these studies, − XPS depth profiling was performed on tooth enamel (bovine or human), on powders of synthetic HAp or on nonsintered pellets of synthetic HAp, but these kinds of specimen do not represent appropriate systems to reveal the fluoridation mechanism for a single grain by a technique without spatial resolution, such as XPS, especially since the results of such experiments may be affected by structural defects and/or porosities. Therefore, the interaction between fluoride and the enamel can be deduced from these studies only with some restrictions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elemental Depth Profiling of Fluoridated Hydroxyapatite: Saving Your Dentition by the Skin of Your Teeth?

Müller¹,

Zeitz²,

Mantz³

et al. 2010

Langmuir

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Structural and chemical changes that arise from fluoridation of hydroxyapatite (Ca(5)(PO(4))(3)OH or "HAp"), as representing the synthetic counterpart of tooth enamel, are investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Elemental depth profiles with a depth resolution on the nanometer scale were determined to reveal the effect of fluoridation in neutral (pH = 6.2) and acidic agents (pH = 4.2). With respect to the chemical composition and the crystal structure, XPS depth profiling reveals different effects of the two treatments. In both cases, however, the fluoridation affects the surface only on the nanometer scale, which is in contrast to recent literature with respect to XPS analysis on dental fluoridation, where depth profiles of F extending to several micrometers were reported. In addition to the elemental depth profiles, as published in various other studies, we also present quantitative depth profiles of the compounds CaF(2), Ca(OH)(2), and fluorapatite (FAp) that were recently proposed by a three-layer model concerning the fluoridation of HAp in an acidic agent. The analysis of our experimental data exactly reproduces the structural order of this model, however, on a scale that differs by nearly 2 orders of magnitude from previous predictions. The results also reveal that the amount of Ca(OH)(2) and FAp is small compared to that of CaF(2). Therefore, it has to be asked whether such narrow Ca(OH)(2) and FAp layers really can act as protective layers for the enamel.

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“…Amphoteric surfac tants have had little application in this area. Various surfac tants have also been shown to interact with enamel or to af fect enamel fluoride interactions Gron and Caslavska, 1983;Borggreven ct al., 1989;Caslavska and Duschner, 1991;Fox et al. 1992].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Various Surfactants and Aluminum Solutions on in vitro Acid Dissolution of Dental Enamel

Putt

Kleber²

1995

Caries Res

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Various surfactants were investigated for compatibility and stability in aqueous dispersions with aluminum (Al) and for their ability to inhibit enamel acid dissolution both with and without Al present. A total of 39 samples, representing anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactant classes, were dispersed at a concentration of 1% in water or a 0.005 mol/l AlK(SO₄)₂ solution. After 24 h the dispersions were evaluated for visual appearance, pH and ability to reduce enamel acid dissolution (EDR). Because reactions involving Al are sometimes very slow to equilibrate, the surfactants that were compatible with Al and did not suppress the 80% EDR of the Al solution were tested again after storage for 12 months. Most surfactant samples formed limpid aqueous dispersions that had little or no EDR activity. However, there were substantial differences in the effect of surfactants on Al EDR activity. Under the conditions of this study, nonionic samples from every subclass were compatible with Al. Anionics usually resulted in the formation of insoluble products that inactivated Al, although a polyethoxy carboxylate and a sulfated ester were exceptions which formed clear, stable dispersions that yielded high EDR values. The cationics varied in their response to Al; the amines reacted with and deactivated Al, but quaternary ammonium compounds were more compatible. No surfactants from any class enhanced the capacity of Al to reduce enamel acid dissolution. The long-term stability data revealed that 21 of 22 Al-surfactant combinations tested retained a significant EDR activity. However, some dispersions exhibited visual signs of instability, and the pH of many nonionic samples decreased. This study showed that, in the presence of Al, nonionic surfactants were relatively stable for long periods and did not block the ability of Al to inhibit enamel acid dissolution. However, certain anionic and cationic surfactants also displayed comparable properties.

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Effect of a Surface-Active Cation on Fluoride/Enamel Interactions in vitro

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Time Dependence of Fluoride Uptake in Hydroxyapatite

Time Dependence of Fluoride Uptake in Hydroxyapatite

Elemental Depth Profiling of Fluoridated Hydroxyapatite: Saving Your Dentition by the Skin of Your Teeth?

Effect of Various Surfactants and Aluminum Solutions on in vitro Acid Dissolution of Dental Enamel

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