Effect of a single intra-articular administration of stanozolol in a naturally occurring canine osteoarthritis model: a randomised trial

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease with a high negative impact on patient’s quality of life and a high financial burden. It is a source of chronic pain and affects all mammals, including humans and dogs. As the dog is a common model for translation research of human OA, and exploring spontaneous dog OA can improve the health and well-being of both humans and dogs. To describe the effect of the intra-articular administration of stanozolol in a naturally occurring canine OA model, forty canine (N = 40) hip joints were randomly assigned to receive stanozolol or saline (control). On treatment day and at 8, 15, 30, 90, and 180 days post-treatment, several evaluations were conducted: weight distribution, joint range of motion, thigh girth, digital thermography, and radiographic signs. Also, synovial fluid C-reactive protein and interleukin-1 levels were evaluated. Results from four Clinical Metrology Instruments was also gathered. Results were compared with Repeated Measures ANOVA, with a Huynh–Feldt correction, paired-samples t-test, or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, with p < 0.05. OA was graded as mild (90%), moderate (5%), and severe (5%), including both sexes. They had a mean age of 6.5 ± 2.4 years and a bodyweight of 26.7 ± 5.2 kg. No differences were found between groups at treatment day in all considered evaluations. Weight distribution showed significant improvements with stanozolol from 15 days (p < 0.05) up to 180 days (p < 0.01). Lower values during thermographic evaluation in both views taken and improved joint extension at 90 (p = 0.02) and 180 days (p < 0.01) were observed. Pain and function scores improved up to 180 days. In the control group, radiographic signs progressed, in contrast with stanozolol. The use of stanozolol was safe and produced significant improvements in weight-bearing, pain score, and clinical evaluations in a naturally occurring canine OA model.

Minimal clinically-important differences for the “Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs” (LOAD) and the “Canine Orthopedic Index” (COI) in dogs with osteoarthritis

“…Since the LOAD and the COI are a part of the routine follow-up for this population of dogs, and all fields are mandatory in the follow-up, we obtained results for both CROMs in all patients. The baseline values for the LOAD and COI were similar to the ones previously published for police working dogs with OA [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

A Pilot Study of the Clinical Effectiveness of a Single Intra-Articular Injection of Stanozolol in Canines with Knee Degenerative Joint Disease and Its Correlation with Serum Interleukin-1β Levels

“…The study demonstrated that the administration of stanozolol injections has yielded promising improvements in both pain management and quality of life outcomes in dogs with degenerative joint disease (DJD). Clinical studies in dog and other species have reported significant reductions in pain scores and enhanced mobility following stanozolol treatment [2,36,[49][50][51][52]. Additionally, tutors often observe improvements in their pets' activity levels and overall well-being, indicating a positive impact on quality of life.…”

“…Degenerative joint disease (DJD), also known as osteoarthritis, is a common and debilitating condition characterized by progressive deterioration of articular cartilage, subchondral bone changes, and synovial inflammation. DJD primarily affects weight-bearing joints such as the hips, knees, and elbows, leading to pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility [1][2][3][4][5]. Brown's original survey, the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI), developed in 2006 at the University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, stands as a pivotal tool in assessing pain in dogs [6,7].…”

A Comparison of Intra-Articular Blood Cell Secretome and Blood Cell Secretome with Triamcinolone Acetonide in Dogs with Osteoarthritis: A Crossover Study

“…The existence of multiple therapeutic approaches to the management of OA illustrates the challenges of successfully treating the disease. The treatment can include intra-articular modalities [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], photobiomodulation [ 10 ], oral joint supplements [ 11 ], mesotherapy [ 12 ], biological products [ 13 , 14 , 15 ], or others.…”