Effect of a Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Procedure on Heart Rate Variability and Pulse Transit Time Variability: A Comparison Study Based on Fuzzy Measure Entropy

Abstract

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a common treatment method for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), but its effect on synchronously measured heart rate variability (HRV) and pulse transit time variability (PTTV) have not been well established. This study aimed to verify whether PCI for CAD patients affects both HRV and PTTV parameters. Sixteen CAD patients were enrolled. Two five-minute ECG and finger photoplethysmography (PPG) signals were recorded, one within 24 h before PCI and another within 24 h after PCI. The changes of RR and pulse transit time (PTT) intervals due to the PCI procedure were first compared. Then, HRV and PTTV were evaluated by a standard short-term time-domain variability index of standard deviation of time series (SDTS) and our previously developed entropy-based index of fuzzy measure entropy (FuzzyMEn). To test the effect of different time series length on HRV and PTTV results, we segmented the RR and PTT time series using four time windows of 200, 100, 50 and 25 beats respectively. The PCI-induced changes in HRV and PTTV, as well as in RR and PTT intervals, are different. PCI procedure significantly decreased RR intervals (before PCI 973˘85 vs. after PCI 907˘100 ms, p < 0.05) while significantly increasing PTT intervals (207˘18 vs. 214˘19 ms, p < 0.01). For HRV, SDTS-only output significant lower values after PCI when time windows are 100 and 25 beats while presenting no significant decreases for other two time windows. By contrast, FuzzyMEn gave significant lower values after PCI for all four time windows (all p < 0.05). For PTTV, SDTS hardly changed after PCI at any time window (all p > 0.90) whereas FuzzyMEn still reported significant lower values (p < 0.05 for 25 beats time window and p < 0.01 for other three time windows). For both HRV and PTTV, with the increase of time window values, SDTS decreased while FuzzyMEn increased. This pilot study demonstrated that the RR interval decreased whereas the PTT interval increased after the PCI procedure and that there were significant reductions in both HRV and PTTV immediately after PCI using the FuzzyMEn method, indicating the changes in underlying mechanisms in cardiovascular system.

Enhancing Detection Accuracy for Clinical Heart Failure Utilizing Pulse Transit Time Variability and Machine Learning

“…The possible reason can be explained that with the decrease of left ventricular function, the activity of peripheral sympathetic nerve is stimulated, and the tension of the artery is enhanced while its elasticity is decreased, resulting in a shorter PTT. The proof can be also from other studies in [40] and [41], where significant increase in PTT was observed within 24 h after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedure for coronary artery disease patients, indicating that PCI procedure is helpful for improving arterial elasticity and left ventricular functions.…”

Biometric Signals Estimation Using Single Photon Camera and Deep Learning

“…Although the pulse signal is different from the electric one generated by the heart activity, due to their own natures, the two are strongly related. Obviously, due to a mechanical delay of approximately 200 ms [3], they are not synchronized, but, on the other hand, they show the same trend since the pressure wave frequency corresponds to the heart beating. Therefore, analyzing the pulse signal is possible to retrieve the heart rate (HR).…”