Effect of a Mediterranean Diet Intervention on Dietary Glycemic Load and Dietary Glycemic Index: The PREDIMED Study

Rodríguez-Rejón, Ana Isabel; Castro-Quezada, Itandehui; Ruano-Rodríguez, Cristina; Ruiz-López, María Dolores; Sánchez‐Villegas, Almudena; Toledo, Estefanía; Artacho, Reyes; Estruch, Ramón; Salas‐Salvadó, Jordi; Covas, María Isabel; Corella, Dolores; Gómez‐Gracia, Enrique; Lapetra, José; Pintó, Xavier; Arós, Fernando; Fiol, Miquel; Lamuela‐Raventós, Rosa María; Ruı́z-Gutı́errez, Valentina; Schröder, Helmut; Ros, Emilio; Serra-Majem, Lluís

doi:10.1155/2014/985373

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Therefore, it is possible also that the MD indirectly improves cognitive function by lowering the risk of well-established risk factors. Moreover, certain components of the MD, such as legumes and whole-grain foods, may have indirect effects on cognition through their lower glycemic indexes, leading to reductions in blood glucose oscillations compared with those of a typical Western diet (77). As discussed in a previous systematic review, the effect of a long-term low-glycemic index diet on cognitive function in adults needs to be explored further (78).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean Diet, Cognitive Function, and Dementia: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

Petersson

Philippou

2016

Advances in Nutrition

345

212

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A growing body of evidence suggests that adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) may protect against cognitive decline and dementia. Many epidemiologic studies and several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have found positive effects of the MD on cognitive function, but findings remain inconsistent. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an update on the current knowledge of the effects of the MD on cognitive function, cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease (AD), and all-type dementia. Five databases were searched-PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and PsycINFO (1806 to 25 May 2015)-with the use of prespecified criteria. Human studies that were published in English without any restriction on study type, population assessed, intervention period, follow-up time, or publication date, and that examined the association between adherence to the MD and cognitive function or dementia symptoms (as measured by cognitive function tests), were included. Only primary publication types were included. Thirty-two studies from 25 unique cohorts, including 5 RCTs and 27 observational studies, met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies showed that the MD was associated with improved cognitive function, a decreased risk of cognitive impairment or decreased risk of dementia, or AD. Three studies found no correlation between the MD and AD, 3 further studies found no association between the MD and cognitive impairment, and 5 studies found no association between the MD and cognitive function. There was large heterogeneity, and studies differed with regard to quality. Based on the findings and the limitations in study design, we conclude that adherence to the MD is associated with better cognitive performance. However, it should be noted that the majority of findings come from epidemiologic studies that provide evidence for a correlation between the MD and cognition but not for a cause-and-effect relation. More controlled trials are required to establish a causational relation. Adv Nutr 2016;7:889-904.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean Diet, Cognitive Function, and Dementia: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

Petersson

Philippou

2016

Advances in Nutrition

345

212

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In fact, the Mediterranean diet is characterized by a high intake of exogenous dietary phenolics as a consequence of a high intake of virgin olive oil (VOO), fruit, nuts, vegetables, and cereals; a moderate intake of fish and poultry; a low intake of dairy products, red meat, processed meats, and sweets; and wine in moderation, consumed with meals [2]. Results from the Prevention with Mediterranean Diet (PREDIMED) study showed that the higher phenolic intake of the Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, cancer and age-related cognitive decline [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. …”

Section: Market Needs For Functional Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the Art on Functional Virgin Olive Oils Enriched with Bioactive Compounds and Their Properties

Reboredo‐Rodríguez

Figueiredo-González

González-Barreiro

et al. 2017

IJMS

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Virgin olive oil, the main fat of the Mediterranean diet, is per se considered as a functional food—as stated by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)—due to its content in healthy compounds. The daily intake of endogenous bioactive phenolics from virgin olive oil is variable due to the influence of multiple agronomic and technological factors. Thus, a good strategy to ensure an optimal intake of polyphenols through habitual diet would be to produce enriched virgin olive oil with well-known bioactive polyphenols. Different sources of natural biological active substances can be potentially used to enrich virgin olive oil (e.g., raw materials derived from the same olive tree, mainly olive leaves and pomaces, and/or other compounds from plants and vegetables, mainly herbs and spices). The development of these functional olive oils may help in prevention of chronic diseases (such as cardiovascular diseases, immune frailty, ageing disorders and degenerative diseases) and improving the quality of life for many consumers reducing health care costs. In the present review, the most relevant scientific information related to the development of enriched virgin olive oil and their positive human health effects has been collected and discussed.

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“…Low-GI foods, although recommended for diabetes control by many diabetes agencies, 12–14 23 have not been tested specifically on vascular outcomes despite cohort studies suggesting that low-GI diets, especially in women, are associated with reduced CVD. 24 Additionally, a randomised trial, the PREDIMED study, that reduced the GI and GL of the diet 25 and included the use of nuts and olive oil to achieve this effect also reduced CVD, especially stroke. 26 We have demonstrated the greater effectiveness of low-GI diets in reducing HbA1c and blood pressure in T2DM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-glycaemic index diet to improve glycaemic control and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: design and methods for a randomised, controlled, clinical trial

et al. 2016

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IntroductionType 2 diabetes (T2DM) produces macrovascular and microvascular damage, significantly increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), renal failure and blindness. As rates of T2DM rise, the need for effective dietary and other lifestyle changes to improve diabetes management become more urgent. Low-glycaemic index (GI) diets may improve glycaemic control in diabetes in the short term; however, there is a lack of evidence on the long-term adherence to low-GI diets, as well as on the association with surrogate markers of CVD beyond traditional risk factors. Recently, advances have been made in measures of subclinical arterial disease through the use of MRI, which, along with standard measures from carotid ultrasound (CUS) scanning, have been associated with CVD events. We therefore designed a randomised, controlled, clinical trial to assess whether low-GI dietary advice can significantly improve surrogate markers of CVD and long-term glycaemic control in T2DM.Methods and analysis169 otherwise healthy individuals with T2DM were recruited to receive intensive counselling on a low-GI or high-cereal fibre diet for 3 years. To assess macrovascular disease, MRI and CUS are used, and to assess microvascular disease, retinal photography and 24-hour urinary collections are taken at baseline and years 1 and 3. Risk factors for CVD are assessed every 3 months.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol and consent form have been approved by the research ethics board of St. Michael's Hospital. If the study shows a benefit, these data will support the use of low-GI and/or high-fibre foods in the management of T2DM and its complications.Trial Registration numberNCT01063374; Pre-results.

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Effect of a Mediterranean Diet Intervention on Dietary Glycemic Load and Dietary Glycemic Index: The PREDIMED Study

Cited by 42 publications

References 48 publications

Mediterranean Diet, Cognitive Function, and Dementia: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

Mediterranean Diet, Cognitive Function, and Dementia: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

State of the Art on Functional Virgin Olive Oils Enriched with Bioactive Compounds and Their Properties

Low-glycaemic index diet to improve glycaemic control and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: design and methods for a randomised, controlled, clinical trial

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