Effect of a Marcha Field Test on Some Blood and Electrocardiographic Parameters of Mules

Silva, Gabriella A.O.; Rodrigues, Letícia Marques; Monteiro, Betânia Souza; Souza, Vinicius Ricardo Cuña de; Filho, Hélio Cordeiro Manso; Coelho, Clarisse Simões

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2018.08.009

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…II. a frequência cardíaca (FC) em batimentos por minuto, mensurada com estetoscópio na região torácica esquerda, caudalmente ao cotovelo, considerando mínimo de 30 minutos de Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 9, e617997552, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7552 descanso e nível de alarme acima de 60 batimentos por minuto (bpm), conforme descrito por Silva et al (2018);…”

Section: Metodologiaunclassified

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Perfil socioeconômico de tutores e proposição de avaliação do bem-estar em muares de tração extratores de areia no Rio Paraíba

Ribeiro

Fonseca

Amorim

et al. 2020

RSD

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Na cidade de Viçosa, estado de Alagoas, muitos muares são utilizados para retirada de areia do rio Paraíba, fornecendo aos comércios de materiais de construção da região e auxiliando no combate ao assoreamento no leito do rio sendo constantemente enquadrados nessa discussão dicotômica entre sustentabilidade humana e maus tratos animais. A pesquisa tratada neste trabalho foi realizada em duas etapas utilizando dados de 13 tutores e seus muares trabalhadores na extração de areia do rio paraíba, avaliando através de questionario pré estruturado o perfil socioeconômico dos tutores e também o bem estar dos muares através da avaliação sorológica e paramétrica utilizando como base parâmetros pré estabelecidos como Frequência Cardíaca (FC), Escore Corporal (EC), níveis de estresse muscular, presença de dor e claudicação e presença de feridas. Em relação a problemática, o Projeto Pró-Carroceiros da Universidade Federal de Alagoas realiza, há uma década, atividades trimestrais de conscientização aos tutores em relação ao bem-estar animal, além de atividades assistenciais veterinárias, como vacinação, desverminação, exames de sangue e atendimentos clínicos. O artigo objetiva traçar o perfil socioeconômico dos tutores e propor um modelo de avaliação do bem-estar desses animais, a partir das atividades extensionistas e de pesquisa integradas.

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Section: Metodologiaunclassified

“…Avaliação volume globular (VG), buscando detectar possíveis anemias nos animais, considerando médias e limites mínimos para a espécie no país (Gul et al, 2007;Dias, 2014;Silva et al, 2018), considerando a faixa de 28% como limite mínimo de higidez.…”

Section: IIIunclassified

Perfil socioeconômico de tutores e proposição de avaliação do bem-estar em muares de tração extratores de areia no Rio Paraíba

Ribeiro

Fonseca

Amorim

et al. 2020

RSD

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“…A recent report revealed that the population of mules had rapidly grown as a working animal in some countries such as France, Ethiopia, Peru, and Pakistan [4]. From the literature, mules have been used as pack [5,6] or draught [6,7] animals in hilly terrain or on trails in mountain regions [8], as well as in competitive sporting or gaited competitions [6,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

External Hoof Measurements of Untrimmed and Unshod Mules in Northern Thailand

Phannithi,

Laikul,

Pathomsakulwong

et al. 2024

Animals

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External hoof characteristics, balance, and conformation have been extensively studied in horses; however, mules remain understudied in these aspects. This study evaluated the size, shape, and symmetry of untrimmed and unshod forelimb hooves, compared the symmetry between forelimb hooves and stratified external forelimb hoof measurements based on the body condition score of mules raised in the foothill plains of northern Thailand. The forelimb hooves of 38 mules were photographed and 33 parameters, including angular and linear measurements, were analyzed. A multivariate analysis was used to explore the influence of sex, age, and body condition scores (BCS) on angular, linear, and area parameters. Additionally, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test was used to compare these parameters across different BCS groups. Despite the absence of shoeing and trimming, these mules exhibited optimal left–right forelimb hoof symmetry, with no significant (p < 0.05) differences in: outer wall length and inner wall length (OWL–IWL: Left 0.11 ± 0.66 cm; Right −0.12 ± 0.43 cm); sole length and sole width (SLS–SW: Left 1.65 ± 0.76 cm; Right 1.46 ± 0.89 cm); dorsal hoof wall length and heel length (DHWL–HL: Left 4.00 ± 0.80 cm; Right 3.81 ± 0.72 cm); and frog length and frog width (FL–FW: Left 3.88 ± 1.13 cm; Right 3.82 ± 0.18 cm). However, significant (p < 0.05) differences were observed within each body condition score group for forelimb hoof measurements for DHWL, IWL, heel separation (HS), heel bulb distance (HBD), SW, FW, and FL, while sex and age had no significant differences across the study variables. These findings provide valuable insights into mule welfare and management, contributing to understanding of the interplay between overall health and hoof conformation in the study area.

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“…They serve important roles as working equids generating critical income and have grown in popularity amongst horse owners looking for recreation and competition mounts worldwide [2,3,4]. Mules can be trained to compete in multiple disciplines, from dressage, jumping, Western riding, reining, and racing [5] (Figure 1). In the U.S., the mule and donkey population increased from 2007 to 2012 even as the number of U.S. horses and ponies declined [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing and Contrasting Knowledge on Mules and Hinnies as a Tool to Comprehend Their Behavior and Improve Their Welfare

McLean

Varnum

Ali

et al. 2019

Animals

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Mules and hinnies are the hybrids between donkeys (Equus asinus) and horses (Equus caballus). For centuries, mankind has used them for agrarian purposes, the military, or recreation. Contrasting literature with behavioral observations, we seek a better behavioral understanding andthus comprehensive solutions for their welfare enhancement. Over the past 6 years, we have assessed physical and behavioral welfare in over 900 mules by surveying owners from Egypt, Peru, Portugal, Spain, Mexico, and the U.S. These mules participated in shows, brick kiln work, cart-pulling, packing, tourism, and cattle herding. Observations are discussed alongside facts from the literature. Unfortunately, their behavior has been misunderstood by many, and harsh treatment and equipment has been used to control them. Few studies have attempted to define or use learning theory to understand how and why mules and hinnies behave as they do. Hence, understanding their health considerations, natural behavior, and training theory is crucial for those who work with them.Solutions to welfare improvement partially lie in an individual’s ability to handle mules and hinnies from birth, and to proceed slowly through training. Conclusively, this review sets forth a clearer understanding of these hybrids’ behaviors and promotes positive handling, allowing their access to more routine healthcare and ultimately, a higher welfare standard.

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Effect of a Marcha Field Test on Some Blood and Electrocardiographic Parameters of Mules

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Perfil socioeconômico de tutores e proposição de avaliação do bem-estar em muares de tração extratores de areia no Rio Paraíba

Perfil socioeconômico de tutores e proposição de avaliação do bem-estar em muares de tração extratores de areia no Rio Paraíba

External Hoof Measurements of Untrimmed and Unshod Mules in Northern Thailand

Comparing and Contrasting Knowledge on Mules and Hinnies as a Tool to Comprehend Their Behavior and Improve Their Welfare

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