Effect of a Low–Glycemic Index or a High–Cereal Fiber Diet on Type 2 Diabetes

Jenkins, David; Kendall, Cyril W.C.; McKeown‐Eyssen, Gail; Josse, Robert G.; Silverberg, Jay; Booth, Gillian L.; Vidgen, Edward; Josse, Andrea R.; Nguyen, Tri H.; Corrigan, Sorcha; Banach, Monica S.; Ares, Sophie; Mitchell, Sandy; Emam, Azadeh; Augustin, Livia S. A.; Parker, Tina; Leiter, Lawrence A.

doi:10.1001/jama.2008.808

Cited by 388 publications

(314 citation statements)

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“…There is sufficient evidence to support the role of dietary fibre in improving glycaemic control status in diabetes patients (7)(8)(9) . Evidence is also available for its beneficial effect on prevention of diabetes complications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a biomarker reflecting an individual's average level of blood glucose over past 2-3 months, glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) has been associated with the risk of long-term diabetes complications (5) and used as the main indicator of glycaemic control status among diabetes patients (6) . The American Diabetes Association recommends an HbA1c level below 7?0 % as the goal of glycaemic control for diabetes patients (6) .There is sufficient evidence to support the role of dietary fibre in improving glycaemic control status in diabetes patients (7)(8)(9) . Evidence is also available for its beneficial effect on prevention of diabetes complications.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Long-term effect of dietary fibre intake on glycosylated haemoglobin A1c level and glycaemic control status among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Yang

Shu

Jiang³

et al. 2013

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Dietary fibre has been linked to lower levels of glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among diabetes patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the long-term effect of dietary fibre on HbA1c levels among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Design: Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2006 and 2011, with the second one being a repeat survey on a sub-sample from the initial one. In both surveys, an in-person interview was conducted to collect information on demographic characteristics and lifestyles following a similar protocol. Dietary intake was assessed with a validated FFQ. Anthropometric measures and biochemical assays were performed at the interview. Setting: Communities in Pudong New Area of Shanghai, China. Subjects: Chinese patients (n 934) with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results: An inverse association was observed between dietary fibre and glycaemic status indicated by HbA1c level in both surveys, although it was significant only in the first survey. Among 497 patients participating in both surveys, dietary fibre intake at the first survey was inversely associated with uncontrolled glycaemic status at the second survey, with adjusted odds ratios across the tertiles of intake being 1? 00, 0?72 (95 % CI 0?43, 1?21) and 0?58 (95 % CI 0?34, 0?99; P trend 5 0?048). The change in fibre intake was slightly associated with glycaemic status, with each increase in tertile scores of intake linked to a 0?138 % (b 5 20?138; 95 % CI 20?002, 0?278) Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease mainly characterized by the disorder of glucose metabolism, which may lead to a variety of specific severe complications such as CHD, stroke, diabetic retinopathy and kidney failure (1) . T2DM and its complications have been becoming a main burden of disease around the world, particularly in developing countries (2) . Aggressive control of hyperglycaemia, either by medicine or lifestyle intervention, is crucial to decrease the incidence of diabetic complications and the related premature death (3,4) . As a biomarker reflecting an individual's average level of blood glucose over past 2-3 months, glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) has been associated with the risk of long-term diabetes complications (5) and used as the main indicator of glycaemic control status among diabetes patients (6) . The American Diabetes Association recommends an HbA1c level below 7?0 % as the goal of glycaemic control for diabetes patients (6) .There is sufficient evidence to support the role of dietary fibre in improving glycaemic control status in diabetes patients (7)(8)(9) . Evidence is also available for its beneficial effect on prevention of diabetes complications. By following up 7822 US women with T2DM in the Nurses' Health Study for 26 years, He et al. (10) found that *Corresponding authors: E-mail wanghong.xu@fudan.edu.cn, ruan_118@hotmail.com r The Authors 2013 the highest v. the lowest quintile of intakes of whole grains, cereal fibre, bran and germ were associated with 16 % to 31 % lower ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effect of dietary fibre intake on glycosylated haemoglobin A1c level and glycaemic control status among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Yang

Shu

Jiang³

et al. 2013

Public Health Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The glycemic index is a measure of the ability of 50 g of a specific food to increase blood glucose levels compared to the ability of 50 g of standard food to increase blood glucose levels [22,84]. Independent data support an effective role of a low dietary glycemic index in preventing the progression of AMD, particularly in people at risk for advanced AMD [78,[85][86][87].…”

Section: Dietary Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of nutrient actions on age-related macular degeneration

Zampatti¹,

Ricci²,

Cusumano³

et al. 2014

Nutrition Research

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The actions of nutrients and related compounds on age-related macular degeneration however, this does not appear to be particularly beneficial in healthy people. Furthermore, some supplements or nutrients have demonstrated discordant effects on AMD in some studies. Since intake of dietary supplements, as well as exposure to damaging environmental factors, is largely dependent on population habits (including dietary practices) and geographical localization, an overall healthy diet appears to be the best strategy in reducing the risk of developing AMD. As of now, the precise mechanism of action of certain nutrients in AMD prevention remains unclear. Thus, future studies are required to examine the effects that nutrients have on AMD and to determine which factors are most strongly correlated with reducing the risk of AMD or preventing its progression.

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“…Chronic ingestion of low GI diets can prevent and control obesity (2), cardiovascular diseases (3), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (4). By contrast, consumption of high GI diets is related to hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, favoring an increase in glucose uptake by the adipocytes, leading to weight gain and body fat accumulation (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low glycemic index diet reduces body fat and attenuates inflammatory and metabolic responses in patients with type 2 diabetes

Gomes

Fabrini

Alfenas

2017

Arch. Endocrinol. Metab.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to verify the effects of glycemic index (GI) on body composition, and on inflammatory and metabolic markers concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes. Subjects and methods: In this randomized controlled parallel trial, twenty subjects (aged 42.4 ± 5.1 years, BMI 29.2 ± 4.8 kg.m -2 ) were allocated to low GI (LGI) (n = 10) or high GI (HGI) (n = 10) groups. Body composition, inflammatory and metabolic markers were assessed at baseline and after 30 days of intervention. Food intake was monitored during the study using three-day food records completed on two non-consecutive weekdays and on a weekend day. Results: Body fat reduced after the LGI intervention compared with baseline (P = 0.043) and with the HGI group (P = 0.036). Serum fructosamine concentration (P = 0.031) and TNF-α mRNA expression (P = 0.05) increased in the HGI group. Serum non-esterified fatty acids were greater in the HGI than in the LGI group (P = 0.032). IL-6 mRNA expression tended to decrease after the consumption of the LGI diet compared to baseline (P = 0.06). Conclusion: The LGI diet reduced body fat and prevented the negative metabolic and inflammatory responses induced by the HGI diet. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2017;61(2):137-44.

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Effect of a Low–Glycemic Index or a High–Cereal Fiber Diet on Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract: In patients with type 2 diabetes, 6-month treatment with a low-glycemic index diet resulted in moderately lower HbA(1c) levels compared with a high-cereal fiber diet. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00438698.

Cited by 388 publications

References 45 publications

Long-term effect of dietary fibre intake on glycosylated haemoglobin A1c level and glycaemic control status among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Long-term effect of dietary fibre intake on glycosylated haemoglobin A1c level and glycaemic control status among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Review of nutrient actions on age-related macular degeneration

Low glycemic index diet reduces body fat and attenuates inflammatory and metabolic responses in patients with type 2 diabetes

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