Effect of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate dietary intervention on change in mammographic density over menopause

Martin, Lisa; Greenberg, Carolyn V.; Kriukov, Valentina; Minkin, Salomon; Jenkins, David; Yaffe, Martin J.; Hislop, Gregory; Boyd, Norman F.

doi:10.1007/s10549-008-9904-9

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…The report by Boyd et al (51) of a greater decrease in area of dense breast tissue after two years among women assigned to a low-fat diet in a controlled clinical trial led to the initial excitement about a possible effect of dietary fat intake on breast density. However, consistent with observational studies, another larger low-fat diet intervention trial that aimed to confirm these results (52), failed to detect any treatment group differences in changes in area of dense tissue or breast density. Taken together, these results do not support an effect of adolescent or adult dietary fat intake on breast density.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Adolescent Diet and Subsequent Serum Hormones, Breast Density, and Bone Mineral Density in Young Women: Results of the Dietary Intervention Study in Children Follow-up Study

Dorgan

Liu

Klifa

et al. 2010

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Adolescent diet is hypothesized to influence breast cancer risk. We evaluated the long-term effects of an intervention to lower fat intake among adolescent girls on biomarkers that are related to breast cancer risk in adults.Methods: A follow-up study was conducted on 230 girls who participated in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children (DISC), in which healthy, prepubertal, 8 to 10 year olds were randomly assigned to usual care or to a behavioral intervention that promoted a reduced fat diet. Participants were 25 to 29 years old at follow-up visits. All tests of statistical significance are two-sided.Results: In analyses that did not take account of diet at the time of the follow-up visit, the only statistically significant treatment group difference was higher bone mineral content in intervention group participants compared with usual care group participants; their mean bone mineral contents were 2,444 and 2,377 g, respectively. After adjustment for current diet, the intervention group also had statistically significantly higher bone mineral density and luteal phase serum estradiol concentrations. Serum progesterone concentrations and breast density did not differ by treatment group in unadjusted or adjusted analyses.Conclusions: Results do not support the hypothesis that consumption of a lower fat diet during adolescence reduces breast cancer risk via effects on subsequent serum estradiol and progesterone levels, breast density, or bone mineral density. It remains unclear, however, if the results are specific to the DISC intervention or are more broadly applicable.Impact: Modest reductions in fat intake during adolescence are unlikely to lower later breast cancer risk via long-term effects on the biomarkers measured. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(6); 1545-56. ©2010 AACR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Adolescent Diet and Subsequent Serum Hormones, Breast Density, and Bone Mineral Density in Young Women: Results of the Dietary Intervention Study in Children Follow-up Study

Dorgan

Liu

Klifa

et al. 2010

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…High ED diets are frequently high in fat, which has been positively associated with BD in some 10, 22–25 but not all studies 26, 27 . High ED diets also tend to be lower in fiber, which also could influence breast density 23, 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Energy Density Is Positively Associated with Breast Density among Young Women

Jones¹,

Hartman²,

Klifa³

et al. 2015

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

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Background Breast density is an established predictor of breast cancer risk, and there is considerable interest in associations of modifiable lifestyle factors, such as diet, with breast density. Objective To determine if dietary energy density (ED) is associated with percent dense breast volume (%DBV) and absolute dense breast volume (ADBV) in young women. Design A cross-sectional analysis was conducted with women who participated in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children Follow-Up Study (DISC06). %DBV and ADBV were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Diet was assessed by three 24-hour recalls. Dietary ED (kcal/g) was calculated using three methods: (1) food only, (2) food and caloric beverages, and (3) food and all beverages. Participants/setting 172 women (25–29 years) who were enrolled in the DISC06 study. Subjects who reported breast augmentation or reduction surgery or were pregnant or lactating within three months before breast density assessment were excluded. Main outcome measures ADBV and %DBV. Statistical analyses performed Multivariable linear mixed effects models were used. Final models were adjusted for race, smoking status, education, parity, duration of sex hormone use, whole body percent fat, childhood BMI z-score, and energy from beverages. Results After adjustment, each 1 kcal/g unit increase in food-only ED was associated with a 25.9% (95% confidence interval = 6.2 to 56.8%) increase in %DBV (p=0.01). Childhood BMI z-score modified the association between food-only ED and %DBV such that a significant positive association was observed only in women who were heavier as children. Food-only ED was not associated with ADBV in all women, but a borderline significant positive association was observed in women who had higher childhood BMI z-scores. Conclusions This is the first report to suggest a potential role for dietary ED in breast density; the effects of long-term exposure to high ED diets on breast cancer risk remain unknown.

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“…Similarly, high-fat food consumption during childhood was not associated with breast density in adulthood (20, 21). In two (22, 54) of three randomized controlled trials (22, 54, 55), women assigned to a low-fat diet in adolescence (22) or midlife (54) had similar breast density to women assigned to a usual diet, although another found a significant difference in breast density (55). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Fat Intake During Adolescence and Breast Density Among Young Women

Jung¹,

Goloubeva²,

Klifa³

et al. 2016

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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BACKGROUND Lack of association between fat intake and breast cancer risk in cohort studies might be attributed to disregard of temporal effects during adolescence when breasts develop and are particularly sensitive to stimuli. We prospectively examined associations between adolescent fat intakes and breast density. METHOD Among 177 women who participated in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children, dietary intakes at ages 10–18 were assessed on five occasions by 24-hour recalls and averaged. We calculated geometric mean and 95% confidence intervals for MRI-measured breast density at ages 25–29 across quartiles of fat intake using linear mixed-effect regression. RESULTS Comparing women in the extreme quartiles of adolescent fat intakes, percent dense breast volume (%DBV) was positively associated with saturated fat (mean=16.4% vs. 21.5%; Ptrend<0.001). Conversely, %DBV was inversely associated with monounsaturated fat (25.0% vs. 15.8%; Ptrend<0.001) and the ratio of polyunsaturated fat to saturated fat (P/S ratio; 19.1% vs. 14.3%; Ptrend<0.001). When examining intake by pubertal stages, %DBV was inversely associated with intake of polyunsaturated fat (20.8% vs. 16.4%; Ptrend=0.04), long-chain omega-3 fat (17.8% vs. 15.8%; Ptrend<0.001), and P/S ratio (22.5% vs. 16.1%; Ptrend<0.001) before menarche, but not after. These associations observed with %DBV were consistently observed with absolute dense breast volume but not with absolute non-dense breast volume. CONCLUSIONS In our study, adolescent intakes of higher saturated fat and lower mono- and polyunsaturated fat are associated with higher breast density measured approximately 15 years later. IMPACT The fat subtype composition in adolescent diet may be important in early breast cancer prevention.

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Effect of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate dietary intervention on change in mammographic density over menopause

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Adolescent Diet and Subsequent Serum Hormones, Breast Density, and Bone Mineral Density in Young Women: Results of the Dietary Intervention Study in Children Follow-up Study

Adolescent Diet and Subsequent Serum Hormones, Breast Density, and Bone Mineral Density in Young Women: Results of the Dietary Intervention Study in Children Follow-up Study

Dietary Energy Density Is Positively Associated with Breast Density among Young Women

Dietary Fat Intake During Adolescence and Breast Density Among Young Women

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