Effect of a Large Managed Care Program on Emergency Department Use: Results From the CHAMPUS Reform Initiative Evaluation

R Epeat Ems T Ransports Among E Lderly E Mergency D Epartment P Atients

“…Methods that have been considered are health maintenance organization (HMO) instructions, 22 social work intervention, 23 a mechanism to flag high-use charts at the ED door, brief educational interventions, 24 and various continuous quality improvement (CQI) strategies. 25 One study simply used observation of high-risk patients.…”

The Cost of an Emergency Department Visit and Its Relationship to Emergency Department Volume

“…With the introduction of managed care and price competition, the economic incentives facing hospitals changed dramatically, which probably has affected EDs as well. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Other recent factors also may have affected ED cost structures, such as Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act regulations, nursing shortages, higher malpractice insurance costs that hospitals sometimes subsidize from their administrative budgets, and possibly other physician retention-related expenses.…”

Effectiveness of Case Management Strategies in Reducing Emergency Department Visits in Frequent User Patient Populations: A Systematic Review

“…Studies have employed different strategies to affect ED utilization by these patients, including individualized care plans and case management, patient education, primary care partnerships, and managed care level interventions. Case management is the most frequently cited approach and has been shown to reduce ED utilization and costs (28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42).…”