Effect of a high bicarbonate mineral water on fasting and postprandial lipemia in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects: a pilot study

Abstract

BackgroundDuring postprandial state, TG concentration is increasing and HDL cholesterol decreasing, leading to a transitory pro-atherosclerotic profile. Previous studies have reported that bicarbonate water improve postprandial lipemia. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of a strongly bicarbonated mineral water on lipoprotein levels during fasting and postprandial state.MethodsA controlled, randomised, double-blind cross-over design was conducted in 12 moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects after a daily ingestion of 1.25 L of mineral (SY) or low mineral water during eight weeks separated by a one week wash-out period. Blood samples were collected in first visit to the hospital (V1) before water consumption (referent or SY) and in a second visit (V2) after eight week water consumption period. The effect of the consumed water was studied in fasting and in postprandial state during ingestion of a meal and 0.5 L of water.ResultsComparison of data between V1 and V2 after SY consumption showed a significant decrease in triglyceridemia (23%), VLDL TG (31%) and tendency to a decrease of VLDL cholesterol (p = 0.066) at fasting state. Whatever the consumed water during postprandial state, the measurement of total areas under curves did not show a significant difference. No difference was observed between SY and referent water consumption for measured parameters at fasting and postprandial state.ConclusionWhen subjects consumed SY we showed a decrease of their basal TG and VLDLTG. The unexpected absence of effect of high mineralized water on postprandial lipemia, probably related to experimental conditions, is discussed in the discussion section.

Natural mineral waters: chemical characteristics and health effects

“…Emerging studies on CVD report that bicarbonate mineral water may have health effects on cardiometabolic risk biomarkers (reducing especially total-cholesterol, fasting glucose and LDL-cholesterol) (25) and, compared to low mineral waters, sodium-bicarbonate waters decrease post-prandial lipaemia and aldosterone levels (28). The capacity of reducing lipaemia after meals may be associated to the capacity of lowering increase in cholecystokinin concentration and lowering gallbladder emptying, which may limit the release of biliary salts into the duodenum and therefore reduce postprandial lipaemia (29), especially the plasma triglyceride (VLDL triglyceride and chylomicron triglyceride) (30). Moreover, Schoppen et al report that in post-menopausal women bicarbonate sodium-rich mineral water may be protective against CVD risk (26) and may increase insulin sensitivity (56).…”

“…Moreover, compared to low mineral waters, sodium-bicarbonate waters decrease post-prandial lipaemia and aldosterone levels (28). The capacity of reducing lipaemia after meals may be associated to the capacity of lowering increase in cholecystokinin concentration and lowering gallbladder emptying, which may limit the release of biliary salts into the duodenum and therefore reduce postprandial lipaemia (29), especially the plasma triglyceride (VLDL triglyceride and chylomicron triglyceride) (30).…”

Prevention and Therapy of Type 2 Diabetes-What Is the Potential of Daily Water Intake and Its Mineral Nutrients?

“…The studies were separated according to mineralization of the water and the control group: Table 3: RCTs comparing water with other drinks or no drink (eight studies); [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Table 4: RCTs comparing low mineralized with bicarbonate-rich water (five studies); [25][26][27][28][29]. Table 5: RCTs comparing low mineralized with bicarbonate-and magnesium-rich water (two studies); [16,30].…”

“…A further seven studies compared different types of water, all low mineralized with bicarbonate-rich water (879-2946 mg/L), five of them with low [25][26][27][28][29] and two [16,17,30] with high concentrations of magnesium (102 and 291 mg/L) ( Tables 4 and 5); three studies compared uncarbonated water [16,28,30], two studies carbonated water [27,29] and two studies carbonated bicarbonate-rich water versus uncarbonated mineral water [25,26].…”

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“…Es así que el aporte de bicarbonato de sodio, en comparación con cantidades iguales de sodio aportadas como cloruro produce descenso de la presión arterial y disminución del riesgo cardiovascular 45,46 . Inclusive existe información preliminar que refi ere que el bicarbonato de sodio mejora el perfi l lipídico de los pacientes 47,48 .…”