Effect of a herbal yeast food supplement and long-distance running on immunological parameters.

Gmünder, Felix K.; Joller, P.; Joller‐Jemelka, H. I.; Bechler, B.; Cogoli, M.; Ziegler, W. H.; Muller, J.; Aeppli, Regula E.; Cogoli, Augusto

doi:10.1136/bjsm.24.2.103

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The authors Haralmabie (24), Hanson (25) and Weiss (26) As an important serum marker for the activation of the cellular immune system, neopterin was studied more recently by several other investigators (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). Rokos (27) studied four male subjects aged 31 to 47 before, during and after 100 min of jogging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neopterin, IgG, IgA, IgM, and Plasma Volume Changes During Long-distance Running

et al. 2002

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Prolonged physical exercise is associated with several immunological changes, e.g. increase in proinflammatory cytokines, changes in the white blood count etc. Great discrepancies exist with regard to the exercise-induced influence on serum immunoglobulin and neopterin values. One explanation could be the shifts in plasma volume (PV) during and after exercise which might influence plasma concentrations of these parameters. Therefore we investigated the consequences of a marathon race in a homogenous group of experienced runners on plasma volume shifts, serum Immunglobulin and neopterin concentrations. Plasma values with and without correction for plasma volume shifts were compared. PV was significantly diminished after the race (-8.4%) followed by a rise 34h after finish (+8.5%). Serum immunoglobulin IgG, IgA and IgM were increased within the first hours postmarathon and normalized in the recovery period. When chages in PV were considered, only IgA rose significantly. Serum neopterin remained unchanged after the marathon independently whether corrected for PV changes or not. We conclude that the increase in immunoglobulins in our study was mainly the consequence of plasma volume changes. Since neopterin was unchanged we have at least in our study no evidence for exercise-induced activation of the cellular immune system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neopterin, IgG, IgA, IgM, and Plasma Volume Changes During Long-distance Running

et al. 2002

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“…The significant changes in athletes included: (i) lower serum IgA, IgG and IgM levels and a trend towards lower levels of IgG2 subclass; ( [13], where the differences in IgG subclasses were also noted to be small on an absolute scale. Ricken & Kindermann [29] have also shown that low levels of serum immunoglobulins are associated with an increased susceptibility to infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect on immunity of long-term intensive training in elite swimmers

Gleeson¹,

McDonald

Cripps

et al. 1995

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

181

117

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SUMMARYThe impact of long-term training on systemic and mucosal immunity was assessed prospectively in a cohort of elite swimmers over a 7-month training season in preparation for national championships. The results indicated significant suppression (P < 0-05) of serum IgA, IgG and IgM and salivary IgA concentration in athletes associated with long-term training at an intensive level. There was also a trend towards lower IgG2 subclass levels in serum in athletes compared with controls (P = 0 07). There were no significant changes in numbers or percentages of B or T cell subsets, but there was a significant fall in natural killer (NK) cell numbers and percentages in athletes over the training season (P < 005). After individual training sessions there was a significant decrease in salivary IgA levels for athletes compared with controls (P = 0-002). In athletes there was a downward trend in salivary IgA levels over the 7-month training period in both the pre-exercise (P = 0 06) and post-exercise samples (P = 0 04). There were no significant trends in salivary IgG levels over the study period in either athletes or controls. The only significant change in salivary IgM levels was an increase in detection rate in the pre-competition phase in athletes (P = 0 03). The study suggests that training of elite athletes at an intensive level over both short-and long-time frames suppresses both systemic and mucosal immunity. Protracted immune suppression linked with prolonged training may determine susceptibility to infection, particularly at times of major competitions.

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“…Various types of cytokines, such as IL-6 or tumor necrosis factor-␣, are known to be present in the bloodstream after exercise (6,38). IL-2, IL-4, TGF-␤, and IFN-␥, however, are least likely to be induced during or after acute exercise (18,19,27,35). Thus it is reasonable to suppose that these cytokines may not affect CXCR4 expression.…”

Section: ϫ8mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortisol-induced CXCR4 augmentation mobilizes T lymphocytes after acute physical stress

Okutsu¹,

Ishii²,

Niu³

et al. 2005

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism responsible for lymphopenia after exercise. Seven young healthy men volunteered for this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured with cortisol and analyzed for C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression by flow cytometry. To determine the effects of exercise, subjects performed exhaustive cycling exercise. PBMC were cultured with plasma obtained before and after the cycling exercise. Alternatively, PBMC obtained before and after exercise were cultured without plasma or glucocorticoid to examine whether PBMC were primed in vivo for CXCR4 expression. We analyzed cortisol-or plasma-treated PBMC to determine their ability to migrate through membrane filters in response to stromal cell-derived factor 1␣/CXCL12. Cortisol doseand time-dependently augmented CXCR4 expression on T lymphocytes, with Ͻ6 h of treatment sufficient to augment CXCR4 on T lymphocytes. Postexercise plasma also augmented CXCR4 expression. Cortisol or postexercise plasma treatment markedly enhanced migration of T lymphocytes toward CXCL12. Augmentation of CXCR4 on T lymphocytes by cortisol or plasma was effectively blocked by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU-486. Thus exercise-elicited endogenous cortisol effectively augments CXCR4 expression on T lymphocytes, which may account for lymphopenia after exercise. chemokine receptor; glucocorticoid; T cell distribution

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Effect of a herbal yeast food supplement and long-distance running on immunological parameters.

Cited by 23 publications

References 23 publications

Neopterin, IgG, IgA, IgM, and Plasma Volume Changes During Long-distance Running

Neopterin, IgG, IgA, IgM, and Plasma Volume Changes During Long-distance Running

The effect on immunity of long-term intensive training in elite swimmers

Cortisol-induced CXCR4 augmentation mobilizes T lymphocytes after acute physical stress

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