Effect of a Fructose-Rich Diet on Gut Microbiota and Immunomodulation: Potential Factors for Multiple Sclerosis

Peterson, Stephanie R; S, Ali; Shrode, Rachel L.; Mangalam, Ashutosh K.

doi:10.4049/immunohorizons.2300008

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…For example, in a systemic sclerosis mouse model, when a high-fructose diet was administered for 4 and 12 weeks, Bifidobacterium pseudomonas and Muribacterium intestinale species in the gut microbiota decreased while Olsenella timonensis and Desulfovibrio vulgaris species increased. Subsequently, we observed a trend of increased B cells and Treg cells in the ileum 4 weeks after the high-fructose diet (50). Another example can be seen in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), where a 20-week high-fructose diet resulted in the significant accumulation of proinflammatory B cells in the liver.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Single cell transcriptome analyses reveal the roles of B cells in fructose-induced hypertension

Kim,

Joo,

Kim

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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RationaleWhile the immune system plays a crucial role in the development of hypertension, the specific contributions of distinct immune cell populations remain incompletely understood. The emergence of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology enables us to analyze the transcriptomes of individual immune cells and to assess the significance of each immune cell type in hypertension development.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the hypothesis that B cells play a crucial role in the development of fructose-induced hypertension.Methods and ResultsEight-week-old Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) male rats were divided into two groups and given either tap water (TW) or a 20% fructose solution (HFS) for 4 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was measured using the tail-cuff method. ScRNA-seq analysis was performed on lamina propria cells (LPs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from SS rats subjected to either TW or HFS. The HFS treatment induced hypertension in the SS rats. The analysis revealed 27 clusters in LPs and 28 clusters in PBMCs, allowing for the identification and characterization of various immune cell types within each cluster. Specifically, B cells and follicular helper T (Tfh) cells were prominent in LPs, while B cells and M1 macrophages dominated PBMCs in the HFS group. Moreover, the HFS treatment triggered an increase in the number of B cells in both LPs and PBMCs, accompanied by activation of the interferon pathway.ConclusionsThe significant involvement of B cells in intestinal and PBMC responses indicates their pivotal contribution to the development of hypertension. This finding suggests that targeting B cells could be a potential strategy to mitigate high blood pressure in fructose-induced hypertension. Moreover, the simultaneous increase in follicular B cells and Tfh cells in LPs, along with the upregulation of interferon pathway genes in B cells, underscores a potential autoimmune factor contributing to the pathogenesis of fructose-induced hypertension in the intestine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Single cell transcriptome analyses reveal the roles of B cells in fructose-induced hypertension

Kim,

Joo,

Kim

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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“…Furthermore, using a fructose-rich diet in EAE mice led to a significant impact on gut bacteria, decreasing beneficial bacteria while increasing the ones that could potentially cause inflammation. Immune modulation was also verified, although, only subtle changes were observed in EAE severity (Peterson et al, 2023).…”

Section: Gut Microbiota Disturbancesmentioning

confidence: 92%

The complex relationship between obesity and neurodegenerative diseases: an updated review

Neto,

Fernandes,

Barateiro

2023

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Obesity is a global epidemic, affecting roughly 30% of the world’s population and predicted to rise. This disease results from genetic, behavioral, societal, and environmental factors, leading to excessive fat accumulation, due to insufficient energy expenditure. The adipose tissue, once seen as a simple storage depot, is now recognized as a complex organ with various functions, including hormone regulation and modulation of metabolism, inflammation, and homeostasis. Obesity is associated with a low-grade inflammatory state and has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer’s (AD), and Parkinson’s (PD). Mechanistically, reduced adipose expandability leads to hypertrophic adipocytes, triggering inflammation, insulin and leptin resistance, blood-brain barrier disruption, altered brain metabolism, neuronal inflammation, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline. Obesity impacts neurodegenerative disorders through shared underlying mechanisms, underscoring its potential as a modifiable risk factor for these diseases. Nevertheless, further research is needed to fully grasp the intricate connections between obesity and neurodegeneration. Collaborative efforts in this field hold promise for innovative strategies to address this complex relationship and develop effective prevention and treatment methods, which also includes specific diets and physical activities, ultimately improving quality of life and health.

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Diet‐microbiome‐immune interplay in multiple sclerosis: Understanding the impact of phytoestrogen metabolizing gut bacteria

Lehman,

Ghimire,

Price

et al. 2023

Eur J Immunol

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SummaryMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and progressive autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), with both genetic and environmental factors contributing to the pathobiology of the disease. While HLA genes have emerged as the strongest genetic factor linked to MS, consensus on the environmental risk factors is lacking. Recently, the gut microbiota has garnered increasing attention as a potential environmental factor in MS, as mounting evidence suggests that individuals with MS exhibit microbial dysbiosis (changes in the gut microbiome). Thus, there has been a strong emphasis on understanding the role of the gut microbiome in the pathobiology of MS, specifically, factors regulating the gut microbiota and the mechanism(s) through which gut microbes may contribute to MS. Among all factors, diet has emerged to have the strongest influence on the composition and function of gut microbiota. As MS patients lack gut bacteria capable of metabolizing dietary phytoestrogen, we will specifically discuss the role of a phytoestrogen diet and phytoestrogen metabolizing gut bacteria in the pathobiology of MS. A better understanding of these mechanisms will help to harness the enormous potential of the gut microbiota as potential therapeutics to treat MS and other autoimmune diseases.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Effect of a Fructose-Rich Diet on Gut Microbiota and Immunomodulation: Potential Factors for Multiple Sclerosis

Cited by 5 publications

References 83 publications

Single cell transcriptome analyses reveal the roles of B cells in fructose-induced hypertension

Single cell transcriptome analyses reveal the roles of B cells in fructose-induced hypertension

The complex relationship between obesity and neurodegenerative diseases: an updated review

Diet‐microbiome‐immune interplay in multiple sclerosis: Understanding the impact of phytoestrogen metabolizing gut bacteria

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