Effect of a flue-curing process that reduces tobacco specific nitrosamines on the tumor promotion in SENCAR mice by cigarette smoke condensate

Hayes, Jeffrey A.; Meckley, Daniel R.; Stavanja, Mari S.; Nelson, Paul R.; Kampen, Kim R.; Swauger, James E.

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2006.08.024

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The particles in the aggregation have a size less than 2 µm so that they can collide elastically with the smoke particle, meanwhile their micropores and mesopores can trap the TSNA through electrostatic interaction [ 18 , 20 , 28 ], and the adsorption will be complete once the smoke particle is flicked [ 41 ]. Only the TSNA adhering on the external surface of the smoke particle is trapped while that inside the particle cannot be removed such that the removal of TSNA in the cigarette smoke by the filter additive is inevitably limited [ 5 , 17 , 41 ], and the reduced proportion depends on the initial level of TSNA in the smoke.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to protect humans from the health risk caused by smoking, it is necessary to reduce the concentration of the harmful constituents in cigarette smoke. Although some carcinogens such as TSNA are formed during the curing and aging process of tobacco [ 3 , 5 ], most of these compounds are generated by pyrosynthesis in the combustion of the cigarette [ 6 ]. Apart from utilization of gamma irradiation [ 7 ], porphyrins [ 8 ], piperazine or monoethanolamine [ 9 ], nanostructural titanates [ 10 ], and bacterial reduction [ 11 ], there are two main strategies for using additives to reduce the carcinogenic components in the mainstream smoke.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hierarchical Composites to Reduce N-Nitrosamines in Cigarette Smoke

Cao

Yue

et al. 2015

Materials

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In order to reduce the harmful constituents in cigarette smoke, two hierarchical composites were synthesized. Based on, zeolites HZSM-5 or NaY fragments were introduced into the synthetic system of mesoporous silica SBA-15 or MCM-41 and assembled with the mesoporous materials. These porous composites combine the advantages of micro- and mesoporous materials, and exhibit higher effects than activated carbon on reducing tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNA) and some vapor phase compounds in smoke.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Composites to Reduce N-Nitrosamines in Cigarette Smoke

Cao

Yue

et al. 2015

Materials

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“…Compared with reference 2R4F cigarette, the levels of tobaccospecific nitrosamines (TSNAs) were substantially lower for the two Quest® cigarettes. NNK [4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone] and NNN (N-nitrosonornicotine) are the two carcinogenic TSNAs primarily formed during the curing process from nicotine and nornicotine (Hayes et al 2007). The levels of NNK were 10.3 ± 1.9, 24.8 ± 4.1 and 132.0 ± 4.0 ng/cig for the nicotine-free, low-nicotine and reference cigarettes, respectively (p<0.001).…”

Section: Smoke Chemistry Analysis Of Quest® and Reference Cigarettesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological analysis of low-nicotine and nicotine-free cigarettes

et al. 2008

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“…The tobacco drying process has a great influence on the quality of cigarette smoke [1,2]. The methods of tobacco drying are various all around the world, such as solar energy drying [3], hot water drying [1,4], and the flue-curing method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Control of Bulk Tobacco Curing Schedule Using LS-SVM- and ANFIS-Based Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Approaches

Yang

2019

Sensors

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The bulk tobacco flue-curing process is followed by a bulk tobacco curing schedule, which is typically pre-set at the beginning and might be adjusted by the curer to accommodate the need for tobacco leaves during curing. In this study, the controlled parameters of a bulk tobacco curing schedule were presented, which is significant for the systematic modelling of an intelligent tobacco flue-curing process. To fully imitate the curer’s control of the bulk tobacco curing schedule, three types of sensors were applied, namely, a gas sensor, image sensor, and moisture sensor. Feature extraction methods were given forward to extract the odor, image, and moisture features of the tobacco leaves individually. Three multi-sensor data fusion schemes were applied, where a least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) regression model and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) decision model were used. Four experiments were conducted from July to September 2014, with a total of 603 measurement points, ensuring the results’ robustness and validness. The results demonstrate that a hybrid fusion scheme achieves a superior prediction performance with the coefficients of determination of the controlled parameters, reaching 0.9991, 0.9589, and 0.9479, respectively. The high prediction accuracy made the proposed hybrid fusion scheme a feasible, reliable, and effective method to intelligently control over the tobacco curing schedule.

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Effect of a flue-curing process that reduces tobacco specific nitrosamines on the tumor promotion in SENCAR mice by cigarette smoke condensate

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Hierarchical Composites to Reduce N-Nitrosamines in Cigarette Smoke

Hierarchical Composites to Reduce N-Nitrosamines in Cigarette Smoke

Toxicological analysis of low-nicotine and nicotine-free cigarettes

Intelligent Control of Bulk Tobacco Curing Schedule Using LS-SVM- and ANFIS-Based Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Approaches

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