“…Besides as pigments, carotenoids also have several biological functions including as sources of provitamin A (DellaPenna & Pogson, 2006;Krinsky & Johnson, 2005), cellular protection from photodynamic damage (Nakano et al, 1999), as a biological antioxidant (Miki et al, 1994, da Silva et al, 2015, and enhancement of growth and reproductive potential (Bjerkeng et al, 2000;Choubert et al, 1998;Pangantihon-Kuhlmann et al, 1998). Some evidences suggest that these pigments may perform vital roles in the growth of crustaceans (Niu et al, 2011;Supamattaya et al, 2005) and fish (Vasallao-Agius et al, 2001;Watanabe et al, 1991).…”