Effect of a conventional energy-restricted modified diet with or without meal replacement on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk profile in overweight women

Abstract

BackgroundAbdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia and hypertension are essential risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Several studies showed favorable effects of weight loss in overweight subjects on cardiometabolic risk profile.MethodsThis open-label, randomized, controlled study investigated the effect of an energy-restricted modified diet with (MR) or without meal replacements for weight control (C) on weight loss, body composition and cardiometabolic risk profile in overweight women. Of 105 randomized participants, 87 were eligible for per protocol analysis. Anthropometric, clinical, blood, 24 h-urine parameters and dietary intake were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks.ResultsDietary intervention resulted in a significant weight loss in both groups (MR: -5.98 ± 2.82 kg; p < 0.001, C: -4.84 ± 3.54 kg; p < 0.001). However, the rate of responder (weight loss >5%) was higher in MR (77%) versus C group (50%) (p = 0.010). A significant reduction in waist circumference (WC) and body fat mass (BFM) was observed in both groups. Body cell mass (BCM) and lean body mass (LBM) decreased, while percentage of BCM of body weight increased in MR more than in C group. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) significantly decreased and to a similar extent in both groups. Total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C but also HDL-C declined significantly in both groups, while no change occurred in triglycerides.ConclusionsBoth dietary intervention strategies had a similar effect on weight loss and body fat distribution, but rate of responder was significantly higher in MR group. Systolic BP decreased to a similar extent in both groups. Cardiometabolic risk profile improved only partly in both groups.

Efficacy of High Carbohydrate versus High Protein Meal Replacements on Weight Reduction - A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…After eight weeks of intervention, mean weight loss in both groups (6.5 ± 3.5 kg in HC group and 6.8 ± 3.6 kg in HP group) were similar to other studies done previously (5.9-7.4 kg) which lasted twelve weeks [10,12,29]. A modest weight loss up to 5% has been shown to reduce the risk of developing obesity associated diseases [30].…”

“…Several studies have demonstrated that weight loss and weight maintenance was greater in the meal replacement groups compared to the conventional energy restricted diets while the calorie goal for the groups was equivalent [8][9][10]. Meal replacements coupled with low-calorie diet considerably increase the number of responders [11,12] and provide an effective option for weight reduction in overweight and obese subjects [13,14].…”

Aerobic exercise alone results in clinically significant weight loss for men and women: Midwest exercise trial 2

“…These results are comparable with previous exercise studies where fat mass decreased and lean mass remained unchanged or increased (19, 25, 26). In contrast, studies that use energy restriction and exercise for weight loss often observe reductions in lean mass that typically accounts for 22‐30% of weight loss (27, 28).…”

Calorie Restriction Supplemented with Fish Oil Ameliorates Abnormal Metabolic Status in Middle-Aged Obese Women: An Open-Label, Parallel-Arm, Controlled Trial

“…A dietary approach for reducing MetS risk emphasises nutrient density, entailing limited consumption of whole grains and saturated and trans fats, increased consumption of a variety of fruit and vegetables, and the novel concept of discretionary calories [8]. Weight loss can be achieved by a conventional, structured, energy-restricted, modified diet-with or without meal replacement [9]. In addition, insulin sensitivity is affected by the quality and quantity of dietary fats, which independently affect body weight (BW).…”