Effect of a Black Soldier Fly Ingredient on the Growth Performance and Disease Resistance of Juvenile Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Abstract

This study was performed as part of developing a functional feed ingredient for juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Here we assess the effects of dietary inclusion of a Black Soldier Fly Ingredient (BSFI) from defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal on growth performance, tolerance to salinity stress, and disease resistance when challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus or a strain of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). A control diet was used for comparison with three test diets including 4.5, 7.5, and 10.5% of BSFI (BSFI4.5, BSFI7.5, and BSFI10.5). After 28 days, all diets with BSFI had improved weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and specific growth rate (SGR) compared to control. Indeed, SGR was significantly improved from inclusion of 4.5% in the diet, whilst FCR was significantly improved at 7.5% (p < 0.05). During the growth trial, survival was not affected by diet. Shrimp health performance was not significantly affected by the diets across the disease and salinity challenges. Overall, the results indicate that the inclusion of BSFI from H. illucens improves the performance of juvenile L. vannamei.

Recent advances in the utilization of insects as an ingredient in aquafeeds: A review

“…Insects such as the BSF have been extensively studied, not only in fish culture but also in poultry and swine ( Sogari et al., 2019 ). In aquaculture, many studies have revealed positive results when BSF meal was used as a substitute for fish meal for many species such as whiteleg shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) ( Richardson et al., 2021 ), barramundi ( Lates calcarifer ) ( Hender et al, 2021 ), climbing perch ( Anabas testudineus ) ( Mapanao et al., 2021 ), Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) ( Were et al., 2021 ), African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ) ( Fawole et al., 2020 ), Japanese sea bass ( Lateolabrax japonicus ) ( Wang et al., 2019 ), Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) ( Lock et al, 2016 ; Stenberg et al., 2019 ), Siberian sturgeon ( Acipenser baerii ) ( Zarantoniello et al, 2021 ), gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata ) ( Randazzo et al, 2021 ), clownfish ( Amphiprion ocellaris ) ( Vargas-Abúndez et al, 2019 ) and in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) ( Cardinaletti et al., 2019 ) to produce food fish. In the aforementioned species, BSF improved various growth parameters as well as the immune response to some diseases affecting aquatic species.…”

“…(2019) Meal Rainbow trout 137.0 ± 10.50 98 d 50 Activation of immune related genes such as interleukin 10 (IL-10), TNF- α and toll-like receptor 5 (TLR-5) Cardinaletti et al. (2019) Meal Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) 0.67 ± 0.15 4 wk 7.5 Improved weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and specific growth rate (SGR) Richardson et al. (2021) Meal Barramundi ( Lates calcarifer ) 1.74 ± 0.15 42 d 30 Improved growth and feed utilization, bactericidal activity and upregulation of immune-related genes such as interleukin 1 (IL-1) and IL-10 Hender et al (2021) Oil Barramundi 1.74 ± 0.15 42 d 30 Enhanced growth performance and upregulation of immune-related genes (IL-1 and IL-10) Hender et al (2021) Partially defatted meal Rainbow trout 178.9 ± 9.81 78 d 50 Sensitivity and modulation of intestinal bacterial community and structure.…”

“…In Siberian sturgeon, BSF meal enhanced the morphology of the intestine, although higher inclusion levels of more than 18.5% were likely to negatively impact the health status ( Józefiak et al., 2019a ; Caimi et al., 2020b ). Interestingly, the resistance of Pacific white shrimp against V. parahaemolyticus and stress was not affected after feeding the shrimp with BSF meal ( Richardson et al., 2021 ). In zebrafish grown from larvae to adult, fishmeal could be replaced by 25% and 50% BSF meal without adversely affecting the immune response and stress resistance of the fish ( Zarantoniello et al., 2019 ).…”

Effects of Substituting the Two-Spotted Cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) Meal for Fish Meal on Growth Performances and Digestibility of Striped Snakehead (Channa striata) Juveniles

“…Recently, insects have been recognized as one of the most potent alternative protein sources for animal feeds, mainly due to their high nutritional composition, easy production, rapid growth, short reproductive cycle, high feed conversion efficiency, and low production cost [ 18 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Several studies on the potential usage of insects, such as black soldier fly larvae, house fly maggots, mealworms, grasshoppers, crickets, and silkworm meal, as FM replacements have been reported [ 24 , 27 ].…”

Benzoic Acid Inclusion Effects on Health Status and Growth Performance of Juvenile Pacific White Shrimp Penaeus vannamei

“…Salinity variation is a controllable way of generating stress in the organisms, and their response can be evaluated, thus indirectly providing information about their physiological status. Healthy shrimp can tolerate a wide variation in salinity (Richardson et al 2021). The concentration of BA in muscle was evaluated, and specific analyses that were focused on the hepatopancreas, such as the hepatosomatic index (HSI), determination of lipids, and histopathological analyses, were conducted to identify where and how BA affected Pacific white shrimp juveniles and to evaluate whether energy and lipids would be used for survival purposes rather than growth.…”