Effect and underlying mechanisms of airborne particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) on cultured human corneal epithelial cells

Kashiwagi, Kenji; Ikoma, Yoko

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-76651-9

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“… 18 Some studies have reported that cell damage can be observed by adding PM to cultured corneal epithelial cell lines. 19 – 21 In the study of diesel exhaust, researchers not only observed the toxicity of diesel exhaust on corneal epithelial cells cultured in vitro, but also confirmed that it can affect the stability of ocular surface structure in a mouse model. 22 , 23 Some scholars try to use PM topical eye drops to observe its effect on the ocular surface.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

A Novel Rat Model of Dry Eye Induced by Aerosol Exposure of Particulate Matter

Wang

Chen

et al. 2022

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to introduce a novel dry eye rat model induced by aerosol exposure of particulate matter (PM). Methods A total of 30 female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats divided into 3 groups: the control group, the low-level exposed group, and the high-level exposed group. The rats in the experience groups were directly exposed to PM samples in the exposure chamber over 14 days. The clinical observation, including tear volume, corneal fluorescein staining, breakup time (BUT), inflammation index, corneal irregularity score, and corneal confocal microscopy. Eyeballs were collected on day 14 for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and PAS staining. TUNEL assay, CD45, and Ki67 immunostaining was performed and corneal ultrastructural changes were detected by electron microscopy. IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and NF-κB Western blot analysis were used to observe the possible pathogenesis. Results In the PM-treated groups, the number of layers in the corneal epithelium and corneal nerve fiber length were significantly decreased compared with that of the control group. The number of corneal epithelial microvilli and chondriosome/desmosomes were drastically reduced in PM-treated groups. Confocal microscopy and CD45 immunohistochemistry showed inflammatory cell infiltration in the PM-treated groups. PM caused apoptosis of corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells while leading to abnormal epithelial cell proliferation, meanwhile, conjunctival goblet cells in the PM-treated group were also significantly reduced. PM significantly increased the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and p-NF-κB-p65 in the cornea. Conclusions Aerosol exposure of PM can reduce the stability of tear film and cause the change of ocular surface, which is similar to the performance of human dry eye, suggesting a novel animal model of dry eye.

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confidence: 92%

A Novel Rat Model of Dry Eye Induced by Aerosol Exposure of Particulate Matter

Wang

Chen

et al. 2022

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…In 2020, several authors presented solutions for CRC diagnosis, with varying degrees of detail. Iizuka et al 43 proposed the combination of a Inception-v3 network with a recurrent neural network (RNN) to classify H&E colorectal WSI into non-neoplastic, adenoma and adenocarcinoma. Each slide was divided into patches of pixels (at 20X magnification, with a sliding window of 256 pixels) and assigned to one of the three diagnostic classes.…”

Section: Computational Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…: 87.69%; AUC: 0.90 Korbar et al 40 2017 Polyp classification (6-class): normal, hyperplastic, sessile serrated, traditional serrated, tubular and tubulovillous/villous 697 H&E slides (annotated) 811 × 984 px ROIs (mean size); ResNet-152 + argmax of tile class frequency Acc. : 93%; Precision: 89.7%; Recall: 88.3%; F1-score: 88.8% Yoshida et al 38 2017 CRC classification (4-class): unclassifiable, non-neoplastic, adenoma and CA 1068 H&E slides (w/ labelled tissue sections) Tissue sections crop + cytological atypia analysis + structural atypia analysis + overall classification FNR (CA): 9.3%; FNR (adenoma): 0%; FPR: 27.1% Iizuka et al 43 2020 CRC classification (3-class): non-neoplastic, AD and ADC 4536 H&E slides (annotated) + 547 H&E slides from TCGA-COAD collection 512 × 512 px tiles at 20×; Inception-v3 + RNN AUC: 0.962 (ADC), 0.993 (AD); AUC (TCGA-COAD subset): 0.982 (ADC) Song et al 46 2020 Colorectal adenoma detection (normal vs adenoma) 411 H&E slides (annotated) + external set: 168 H&E slides 640 × 640 px tiles at 10×; Modified DeepLab-v2 + 15th largest pixel probability AUC: 0.92; Acc. (external set): >90% Wei et al 45 2020 Polyp classification (5-class): Normal, hyperplastic, tubular, tubulovillous/villous, sessile serrated 508 H&E slides (annotated) + external set: 238 H&E slides 224 × 224 px tiles at 40×; ResNet models ensemble + hierarchical classification Acc.…”

Section: Computational Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

CAD systems for colorectal cancer from WSI are still not ready for clinical acceptance

Oliveira

Neto

Fraga³

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Most oncological cases can be detected by imaging techniques, but diagnosis is based on pathological assessment of tissue samples. In recent years, the pathology field has evolved to a digital era where tissue samples are digitised and evaluated on screen. As a result, digital pathology opened up many research opportunities, allowing the development of more advanced image processing techniques, as well as artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies. Nevertheless, despite colorectal cancer (CRC) being the second deadliest cancer type worldwide, with increasing incidence rates, the application of AI for CRC diagnosis, particularly on whole-slide images (WSI), is still a young field. In this review, we analyse some relevant works published on this particular task and highlight the limitations that hinder the application of these works in clinical practice. We also empirically investigate the feasibility of using weakly annotated datasets to support the development of computer-aided diagnosis systems for CRC from WSI. Our study underscores the need for large datasets in this field and the use of an appropriate learning methodology to gain the most benefit from partially annotated datasets. The CRC WSI dataset used in this study, containing 1,133 colorectal biopsy and polypectomy samples, is available upon reasonable request.

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“…These ocular changes are similar to the symptoms of dry eye in humans [ 12 ]. More recently, a few studies have suggested that exposure to PM 2.5 promotes cytotoxicity, cellular organelle damage, inflammation and wound healing suppression in corneal epithelial and conjunctival epithelial cells [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Nevertheless, most studies on the biological and toxicological risks of PM 2.5 have focused on other organs, such as the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, while studies on the influence of PM 2.5 on the ocular system are still in the early stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Protective Effect of Topical Spermidine on Dry Eye Disease with Retinal Damage Induced by Diesel Particulate Matter2.5

et al. 2021

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Air pollutants, especially ambient fine particulate matter2.5, may contribute to various ocular surface disorders, including dry eye disease, keratitis and conjunctivitis. A natural polyamine spermidine has a protective effect on the retina and optic nerve; however, no study has been conducted on the application of spermidine in particulate matter2.5-induced dry eye disease. In the present study, we investigated the effect of spermidine eye drops in topically exposed particulate matter2.5-induced dry eye models of Sprague-Dawley rats, by hematological, biochemical and histological evaluation. Spermidine eye drops attenuated the particulate matter2.5 exposure-induced reduction of tear secretion and corneal epithelial damage. Furthermore, spermidine protected against conjunctival goblet cell loss and retinal ganglion cell loss induced by particulate matter2.5. Additionally, spermidine markedly prevented particulate matter2.5-induced infiltration of cluster of differentiation3+ and cluster of differentiation4+ T lymphocytes and F4/80+ macrophages on lacrimal gland. Moreover, over expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-17 in the lacrimal gland and cornea. Meanwhile, the levels of serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were markedly increased by topical exposure to particulate matter2.5, but this change in the lipid profile was decreased by spermidine. Taken together, spermidine may have protective effects against particulate matter2.5-induced dry eye symptoms via stabilization of the tear film and suppression of inflammation and may in part contribute to improving retinal function and lipid metabolism disorder.

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Effect and underlying mechanisms of airborne particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) on cultured human corneal epithelial cells

Cited by 19 publications

References 30 publications

A Novel Rat Model of Dry Eye Induced by Aerosol Exposure of Particulate Matter

A Novel Rat Model of Dry Eye Induced by Aerosol Exposure of Particulate Matter

CAD systems for colorectal cancer from WSI are still not ready for clinical acceptance

The Protective Effect of Topical Spermidine on Dry Eye Disease with Retinal Damage Induced by Diesel Particulate Matter2.5

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