Effect analysis on integration efficiency and safety performance of a battery thermal management system based on direct contact liquid cooling

Wu, Shangquan; Lao, Li; Lin, Wenxiong; Liu, Lei; Chang, Lin; Zhang, Qingchuan

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.117788

Cited by 71 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Figure 10a shows the cross-section of one battery and all its neighboring coolant units for the most commonly used battery module design in the direct liquid cooling system. [53,54,[56][57][58] The modeling unit adopted in the simulation is shown in Figure 10a'. The module design can be modified by inserting a cylindrical rod made of an electrically and thermally insulating material (e.g., glass fiber reinforced nylon) into each of the coolant units, and keeping this cylindrical rod tangentially contacted with all three surrounding batteries.…”

Section: Modification Of Battery Module Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Flow–Electric–Thermal Model for a Cylindrical Li‐Ion Battery Module with a Direct Liquid Cooling Strategy

et al. 2022

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Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are on their way to becoming a dominating energy storage technology, especially for application in electric vehicles, [1,2] due to their excellent performance in terms of combinations of energy density, power capability, energy efficiency, and cycle life. In recent decades, there have been plenty of investigations, both using experimental measurements [3][4][5] and simulations, [6][7][8][9] aiming to improve the safety, energy, and power of LiBs. This has led to a consensus that the performance of LiBs is largely dependent on their operational temperature, [10][11][12][13][14] explaining the growing interest in thermal control of LiBs, both at the cell and system level and to increased efforts in coupled thermal and electrochemical modeling of cell behavior. [15][16][17][18][19] However, most of the existing coupled thermal and electrochemical models are either built on the single-cell level, which is not applicable in the investigation of the effect of the battery module design. Alternatively, they are built based on the most simply operational air-cooling system. The aim of the present study is, therefore, to establish an integrated model at the battery module level, which can take into account the simultaneous and interdependent thermal behavior of different cells and the effects from relevant multi-physical fields caused by different cooling strategies, incorporating fluid flow and heat transfer across both fluid and solid domains.Since the thermal behavior of the batteries/module is determined by the balance between heat generation and dispassion rate, the first step to building a convincing integrated model is to understand the heat generation within the battery, i.e., to build a precise thermal model. The existing thermal models for LiBs can be classified into lumped-parameter models, [20] electric-thermal models, [6,21] electrochemical-thermal models, [22,23] and thermal runaway models. [24,25] Among these, the electrochemical-thermal model can provide the most detailed information on the battery physics, which makes it possible to extract heat generated from different components, [26] making it favorable from a battery design point of view. For example, Kim et al. discussed the impact of geometry and position of the tabs on the temperature gradient in an operated battery, [27] while Lee et al. [28] found that the heat

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Section: Modification Of Battery Module Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Flow–Electric–Thermal Model for a Cylindrical Li‐Ion Battery Module with a Direct Liquid Cooling Strategy

et al. 2022

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“…With appropriate design variables, this cooling method not only significantly saved the mass energy and power consumption by 20.3% and 95.3%, but also improved the temperature evenness of battery pack. Recently, Wu et al [ 74 ] selected silicone oil as a coolant to ensure the thermal safety of NiCoMn batteries. By the immersion in flowing oil, the volume integration ratio of battery pack was increased to 72% with higher cooling efficiency than indirect type.…”

Section: Traditional Battery Cooling Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments of Thermal Management Strategies for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A State‐of‐The‐Art Review

2022

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The performance of lithium‐ion batteries is quite dependent on temperature and a series of investigations on the battery thermal management system (BTMS) have been reported during the past decades. Herein, the recent developments of BTMS are thoroughly summarized. First, the thermal characteristics of the battery caused by different temperature conditions and temperature nonuniformity are described. Then, the thermal models, including electro‐thermal coupled model and electrochemical–thermal coupled model are briefly presented. Subsequently, various traditional strategies like air cooling, liquid cooling, phase change material (PCM) cooling, and heat pipe cooling are elaborated. With the development of battery technology, BTMS based on a single strategy alone cannot meet the growth of thermal requirements, especially under dynamic and high‐power energy conditions. Hence, a hybrid BTMS that integrates two or more cooling strategies begins to be studied and provide a feasible solution for the problem. The related studies on hybrid BTMS are also systematically reviewed from the perspective of combinations, such as air–PCM, liquid–PCM, heat pipe–PCM, and other hybrid strategies. Besides, the current research on battery preheating strategies is also summarized. Finally, insufficient present studies are pointed out, aiming to provide comprehensive guidance toward the development of battery thermal management.

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“…This system has several advantages: the thermal power generated is directly transferred to the coolant without any other element, larger heat transfer surface area, higher uniformity in the temperature distribution, and the cooling system is simpler and lightweight [18]. Only some papers are devoted to direct immersion liquid cooling strategies [19][20][21][22]. Patil et al [19], investigate the effect of different cooling strategies on a largeformat pouch cell both experimentally and numerically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They used a dielectric fluid in static and flowing conditions, considering also tab cooling. Wu et al [20], design a lithiumion battery thermal management system based direct immersion in a silicone oil. The results show that the maximum temperature rise of the direct contact liquid cooling system is only 20% of the indirect contact liquid cooling system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of a Direct Immersion Liquid Cooling of a Li-Ion Battery for Electric Vehicles Applications

Giammichele¹,

D’Alessandro²,

Falone³

et al. 2022

IJHT

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The aim of this work is to test a battery thermal management system by direct immersion of a commercial 18650 LiFePO4 cell in a low boiling dielectric liquid. It is worth noting that for electric mobility applications, thermal management of Lithium-Ion batteries is a fundamental issue because batteries experience high discharge currents and temperatures. First, we present an electrical characterization of the Lithium-Ion by measuring cell potential, open circuit potential and entropic heat coefficient. Temperature measurements were carried out with thermocouples and infrared thermography. A simplified heat generation term was evaluated using the experimental data. Then, the same battery was immersed in a dielectric low boiling liquid and tested under three different discharge currents. For comparison, also the case without dielectric liquid was analyzed. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of a thermal management system based on direct immersion of a battery cell in a low boiling dielectric fluid. Indeed, the results show a substantial decrease of battery temperature when immersed.

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Effect analysis on integration efficiency and safety performance of a battery thermal management system based on direct contact liquid cooling

Cited by 71 publications

References 30 publications

An Integrated Flow–Electric–Thermal Model for a Cylindrical Li‐Ion Battery Module with a Direct Liquid Cooling Strategy

An Integrated Flow–Electric–Thermal Model for a Cylindrical Li‐Ion Battery Module with a Direct Liquid Cooling Strategy

Recent Developments of Thermal Management Strategies for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A State‐of‐The‐Art Review

Experimental Study of a Direct Immersion Liquid Cooling of a Li-Ion Battery for Electric Vehicles Applications

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