Efetividade de projetos de desenvolvimento local na perspectiva da avaliação de impacto social: estudos de caso no litoral do Piauí

Abstract

The significant expansion of captivity shrimp production by shrimp farming enterprises on the coast of Piauí has several contradictory results. Despite the relevant economic performance, several negative environmental and social impacts compromise the sustainability of the territory's economic activity. One of the causes of this phenomenon is connected to the fact that researches on shrimp production in captivity in national and international scenarios prioritize the understanding of environmental impacts, seeking to measure the damage caused in the environment while ignoring aspects of social communities. The cultural changes, from local traditions, of fishing communities’ lives, make clear the need for a more and amplified systematic relationship of these enterprises with local development. An instrument that can contribute to overcoming these challenges is the Social Impact Assessment (SIA), which defends the efforts to maximize the positive and minimize the negative impacts of public or private development projects can be realized and even Enhanced with the use of methods that deeply evaluate the processes of social changes to promote sustainable local development. Based on an interrelationship perspective between the theory field, local development, and the SIA, this research sought to answer the question: what are the social impacts of shrimp farming and its relationship with local development projects? The aim was to analyze the social impacts of shrimp farming and its relationship with the impacts of local development projects. The methodological procedures included the selection of two case studies on the coast of Piaui, which privileged interviews with stakeholders, documental analysis, and data analysis. The data was analyzed using the categories taken from literature, and data analysis (BARDIN, 2004), after the organization and refinement of coding of it through Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis (CAQDAS), NVivo. The results show that shrimp farming enterprises produce impacts in economic, institutional, environmental, and social categories. Communities perceive these impacts but evaluate that the counterpart of the income and job creation generated by the enterprises could be more effective. Considering the persistence of low indices such as HDI-M and schooling, the contribution of enterprises is conceived as ineffective