Efeitos do treinamento com pesos sobre a densidade mineral ossea, força muscular e variaveis funcionais na menopausa

Abstract

This study examined the adaptive responses of indicators of strength, bone mineral density (BMD), the resting metabolic rate (RMR) and aerobic capacity ( O 2 max and anaerobic threshold) after 16 weeks intervention resistance training program (RT). Participated 22 postmenopausal women (12 months without menstruation), subdivided in two groups: trained group (GT n = 12) and control group (GC n = 10). The RT period had frequency of three sessions per week on alternate days, with 10 exercises for upper limbs and lower limbs, and performed three sets of 10 repetitions maximum (RM) in step 1 and three sets of 8 RM in step 2. The levels of strength were measured by the 1-RM test, body composition was obtained by the method of skinfolds, the assessment of BMD was performed by densitometry of Radiological Dual Energy in the regions of lumbar spine and the femoral neck, and the RMR and O 2 max were obtained by indirect calorimetry and the RMR calculated using equation of Weir (1949). The O 2 max was obtained during progressive test on a treadmill until exhaustion. For statistical analysis we used the Kruskal-Wallis test to assess the effects of intra and inter RT and the Spearman correlation to the correlations used. The results showed statistically significant differences increase for the load being strength in the 1-RM tests and supine leg press for the GT and no change was found to GC. No significant differences were obtained for the BMD of the spine on both the femur, O 2 peak and the TMR in both groups. RT was effective to increase muscle strength, but 16 weeks were not sufficient to cause changes in BMD, in TMR and aerobic capacity.

Effects of Concurrent Training and Strength Training to Gain Strength and Muscle Hypertrophy

“…Several studies have used different concurrent training (CT) strategies to investigate the responses of this training in the human body, among them, there are studies comparing the effects of CT on the functional autonomy of elderly practitioners and non-practitioners (NUNES-JUNIOR, 2010), on strength and body composition in postmenopausal women (BONGANHA et al, 2008), on waist circumference (WC) and resting metabolic rate in menopausal women (ROSSI et al, 2013), on biochemical parameters, cardiovascular fitness, neuromuscular and WC in elderly women (CAMPOS et al, 2013), in maximum strength, anaerobic threshold and oxygen consumption (VO2peak) in middle-aged men (LIBARDI, 2011), in strength and balance gains in elderly women (DEL PONTE, 2013), in exercise variation and aerobic intensity in the cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular responses of young women (SILVA, 2010) and in muscle activation and strength, hormonal concentrations and endurance capacity in elderly men (CADORE, 2009).…”

“…In addition, the study by Bonganha et al (2008), used 10 weeks of CT to compare the results in muscle strength, flexibility and body composition of postmenopausal women who were or were not undergoing hormone replacement therapy, dividing 18 volunteers into a group with therapy (n =8) and group without therapy (n=10), participants performed 3 CT sessions per week, the sessions were composed of weight training and aerobic training, at the end of the study increases were observed in indicators of maximum muscular strength (1 -RM) without significant difference between the groups, but with a significant difference between the pre-and post-intervention moments. In the assessment of flexibility, the groups showed a significant increase only in the Wells bench test.…”

“…Observing the studies that investigated the effects of CT on body composition, it is possible to find divergences, as some studies such as those by Rossi et al (2013) and Libardi (2011) present positive results of increasing lean mass, while studies by Bonganha et al (2008) and Campos et al (2013), did not find a significant improvement in this variable after CT intervention, even with the training duration varying between 8 and 16 weeks (BONGANHA et al, 2008;CAMPOS et al, 2013;ROSSI et al, 2013;LIBARDI, 2011).…”

“…On the other hand, in CT, the increase in muscular strength can be observed more frequently in several studies, which varied the protocols between 10 and 16 weeks in duration (BONGANHA et al, 2008;CAMPOS et al, 2013;LIBARDI, 2011;DEL PONTE, 2013;CADORE, 2009).…”