Efeitos de diferentes densidades de treino aeróbio sobre indicadores fisiológicos e físicos de adultos saudáveis

Abstract

With the objective of verifying the effects of two models of aerobic training with different weekly densities, but with equalized external weekly load, on performance variables of the motor triad (Strength, speed and aerobic resistance), 28 healthy male adults (18 to 30 years) were divided by convenience into 3 groups, 1 control group and 2 experimental groups. The experimental groups were composed according to the weekly frequency of training stimulus, these being three (F3) and five (F5) times a week. The external weekly training load was equalized for all groups, with a total volume of 60 minutes in duration and a running intensity equivalent to the anaerobic threshold for each runner. The research period was 8 weeks, 6 of which were for training, preceded and followed by 1 week of evaluations. Such assessments aimed to verify the behavior of physiological variables and motor capacity performance, derived from the motor triad (manifestations of strength, endurance and speed). For this, an incremental treadmill test was performed; test of vertical, horizontal and intermittent jumps; Anthropometry, RAST and exhaustion time test (time limit). The results obtained in this work were analyzed using the Software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) for Windows®, version 20.0. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Kolmogorov-Smirnov (normality) and Levene's tests were applied for homogeneity of variance, ANOVA mixed model for comparison of interaction between groups and moments, Bonferroni for post hoc (parametric) and Kruskal-Wallis (non-parametric), The level of significance adopted was p ≤ 0.05. Positive influences were found, with improvements in performance or physiological conditions in the F3 and F5 groups for anaerobic threshold speed (AT) and peak treadmill speed (VPE), and only in F5 for AT. There were also negative influences, only in the F3 group, for the average speed and average power in the RAST, suggesting loss of anaerobic power. Such findings demonstrate that density is a factor to be considered by trainers, physical trainers and other professionals in the field when prescribing training.