Efeito Do Material Genético E Do Sítio Na Qualidade Do Carvão Vegetal De Madeira De Curta Rotação

Abstract

ResumoO objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito do material genético e do local de plantio no carvão vegetal produzido com madeira de eucalipto proveniente de sistemas de curta rotação. Foram avaliados cinco clones de Eucalyptus spp. provenientes de três munícipios do estado de Minas Gerais. Foram carbonizadas amostras de cavacos em forno elétrico do tipo mufla, com taxa de aquecimento de 1,67 ºC/min e avaliados os seguintes parâmetros do carvão resultante: rendimento em carvão vegetal, composição química imediata (carbono fixo, materiais voláteis e cinzas), densidade aparente e poder calorífico superior. Observou que ambas as variáveis, ou seja, material genético e localidade de plantio possuem efeito significativo no rendimento em carvão vegetal, na composição química imediata e no poder calorífico. Já a densidade do carvão não foi afetada por nenhuma das duas variáveis. O rendimento e a densidade ficaram abaixo dos valores citados pela literatura para carvão produzido, nas mesmas condições laboratoriais, com madeira proveniente de sistemas convencionais com maior idade de corte. De modo geral, pode-se observar a importância de se avaliar o potencial para a produção de carvão individualmente. Além disso, evidenciou-se que os clones de Eucalyptus spp. provenientes de sistemas de curta rotação são menos indicadas para a produção de carvão do que as de sistemas convencionais. Palavras-chave: Local de plantio; eucalipto; rendimento em carvão. AbstractEffect of genetic materials and the site in charcoal quality of short rotation wood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of genetic material and the planting location on charcoal produced from eucalyptus wood from short rotation systems. It was evaluated five clones of Eucalyptus sp. from three municipalities of the state of Minas Gerais. Wood chip samples were charred in electric oven muffle, with heating rate of 1.67 ºC/min and evaluated the following parameters of the resulting carbon: Yield charcoal, Proximate composition (fixed carbon, volatiles matter and ash), Density apparent and Higher heating value. Was noted that both variablesgenetic material and planting location -had a significant effect on yield charcoal, in proximate composition and higher heating value. Already the coal density was not affected by any of the two variables. The yield and density were below the values reported in the literature for coal produced under the same laboratory conditions, with wood from conventional systems with older cut. In general, it can be observed the importance of assessing the potential for the production of coal individually. Furthermore, it was shown that clones of Eucalyptus spp. from short rotation systems are less suitable for charcoal production than conventional systems. Keywords: Planting location; Eucalyptus; yield charcoal. INTRODUÇÃOO carvão vegetal representa uma excelente matéria-prima para a siderurgia brasileira, devido ao seu comportamento como combustível e redutor, elevado grau de pureza, baixo custo de produção e por ser um pro...

Slow pyrolysis of bamboo: an approach on quality of charcoal and greenhouse gases emission

“…Charcoal produced from bamboo has a high ash content when compared to charcoal obtained from wood, such as eucalypts species, which when carbonized at temperatures of 400 o C has ash content ranging from 1 to 1.5% (Santos et al, 2011;Assis et al, 2012;Protásio et al, 2013;Carneiro et al, 2016). The high ash present in bamboo species occurs at high silica levels in the chemical composition of their stems (Liu et al, 2014).…”

Characteristics of Wood and Charcoal from Eucalyptus clones

“…The effects of genetic material on wood and charcoal characteristics from eucalyptus have been observed by several authors such as Protásio et al 2014and Carneiro et al (2017). The studies carried out by Trugilho et al (2005), Arantes et al (2013) and Buttini et al (2013) with Eucalyptus species and clones indicate that the sampling performed on the tree trunks influences the quality of the charcoal produced.…”

“…Considered one of the most important inputs of the national steel/metallurgic industry, 4.6 million tons of charcoal were consumed in Brazil in 2015, of which 82% or 43 million cubic meters were produced from eucalyptus wood forest plantations (IBÁ, 2016). Charcoal represents an excellent raw material for the Brazilian steel industry due to its behavior as a fuel and reducer, its high purity, low production cost and for being a renewable and environmentally friendly product when produced from planted forests (Carneiro et al, 2017).…”

Clonal selection of Corymbia for energy and charcoal production

“…The genetic materials in this study, all presented a high charcoal yield (Fialho et al 2019;Carneiro et al 2016;Pereira et al 2013). However, this propriety by itself isn't enough for genetic materials selection.…”

“…Fixed carbon content can be attributed to the chemical composition of wood (Carneiro et al 2016;M ouling et al 2017), and whose amount in charcoal should be analyzed with caution. Higher amounts of fixed carbon could indicate issue in the pyrolysis process, and the reduction on the process yield (Dufourny et al 2018).…”