Efecto del consumo de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa) como coadyuvante en la intervención nutricional en sujetos prediabéticos.

Abstract

ResumenIntroducción: la quinua es un pseudocereal que contiene hidratos de carbono de bajo índice glucémico, fibra alimentaria, proteínas de alto valor biológico, fitoesteroles y ácidos grasos n-3 y n-6, y que ha suscitado interés en la intervención nutricional de la prediabetes. Este estudio aleatorizado (2:1), controlado con placebo y doble ciego, evaluó los efectos de la quinua sobre el índice de masa corporal (IMC), hemoglobina glicada (HbA 1c ), glucemia basal (GB) y el grado de saciedad y plenitud en pacientes prediabéticos. Material y método: se aleatorizaron (2:1) 30 pacientes en dos ramas a estudio: el producto Kuska Active (quinua procesada) y placebo (maltodextrina). El periodo de ingesta fue de 28 días. Antes de iniciar el tratamiento y a los 28 días se determinó el IMC, HbA 1c y la GB. La sensación de saciedad y plenitud se evaluó mediante escala visual analógica (EVA). Para demostrar la eficacia de la quinua procesada Kuska Active sobre las variables a estudio se realizó ANOVA para medidas repetidas con dos factores a estudio (factor intrasujeto: tiempo y factor intersujeto: producto consumido). Resultados: finalizaron el estudio un total de 29 pacientes (placebo, n = 10; quinua, n = 19). Se detectó en el grupo quinua procesada una disminución significativa en los valores de IMC (p < 0,05) y HbA 1c (p < 0,001) y un aumento en la sensación de saciedad y plenitud (p < 0,001). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en los niveles de GB desde el momento basal hasta el periodo postingesta. Conclusiones: los resultados muestran que la quinua procesada disminuye el IMC y los niveles de HbA 1c , mantiene los niveles de GB y aumenta la sensación de saciedad y plenitud en pacientes prediabéticos. AbstractIntroduction: Quinoa is a pseudocereal containing low glycemic index carbohydrates, dietary fiber, high biological value protein, phytosterols, and n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, which has generated interest in prediabetes nutritional interventions. This randomized (2:1), placebo-controlled, double-blind study evaluated the effects of processed quinoa on body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and the satiation and fullness (complete) degree in prediabetic patients. Material and method: Thirty patients were randomized (2:1) in two study arms: Kuska Active product (processed quinoa) and placebo (maltodextrin), with an intake period of 28 days. BMI, HbA 1c and FPG were determined before starting treatment and at 28-day intake. Satiety and fullness sensation were just assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) at the day 28. ANOVA was performed for repeated measures with two factors to study (within-subject factor: time; intersubject factor: product consumed) to demonstrate the effectiveness of processed quinoa on the study variables. Results: Twenty-nine patients (placebo, n = 10; quinoa, n = 19) completed the study, and the quinoa group shows a significant decrease in BMI (p < 0.05) and HbA 1c values (p < 0.001), and an increase in the satiation and fullness (complete) d...

Nutritional Strategies in Prediabetes: A Scoping Review of Recent Evidence

“…In addition to glucose-and insulin-related parameters, the latter recorded significant weight loss and ameliorations in blood pressure and lipid profiles in the brown rice group [32,87]. Such positive outcomes were also reported in RCTs using quinoa [43], barley flakes [28], cereal fiber [58] and foxtail millets [31] as interventions.…”

“…Thirty of 52 studies (57.7%) that investigated changes in weight and/or BMI, reported significant improvement postintervention [ 17 , 22 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 29 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 40 , 43 , 58 , 59 , 61 , 65 , 71 , 74 , 77 , 84 , 87 , 88 , 90 , 93 , 98 , 99 , 101 , 102 , 109 , 110 , 111 ]. Similar proportions of statistically significant findings were observed for the waist and hip circumferences and/or waist-to-hip ratio (17/32 studies, 53.1%) [ 17 , 18 , 24 , 26 , 32 , 33 , 38 , 58 , 61 , 62 , 84 , 87 , 88 , 101 , 102 , 108 , 109 ] as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure (16/31 studies, 51.6%) [ 17 , ...…”

“…Measures of endothelial function, commonly through brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation but also via carotid arterial stiffness and muscle blood flow, were performed by 10 studies, of which six (60%) reported significant improvements [ 52 , 56 , 63 , 78 , 79 , 81 ]. Three studies investigated the effect on satiety and appetite and found considerable differences postintervention that translated to better health outcomes [ 43 , 64 , 86 ].…”

“…Fourteen studies investigated the effect of various types of grains in people with prediabetes [19,23,28,31,32,43,[56][57][58]76,77,85,87,105]. Five studies with a total of 298 patients were carried out to investigate the health benefits of a whole grain diet among prediabetic adults [19,23,56,57,77,105].…”