Efecto de la nutrición mineral sobre la producción de forraje verde hidropónico de maíz

Abstract

Palabras clave: Hidroforraje; maíz; nutrición animal; valor nutritivo.Keywords: Hydro-forage; maize; animal nutrition; nutritive value.Recibido: 26/01/17 Aceptado: 02/06/17 ABSTRACTEffect of mineral nutrition on green hydroponic maize forage production. Hydroponic green forage (FVH) consists of specialized production of vegetal biomass from initial seedling growth, which represents an alternative to conventional grazing systems for animal feeding. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mineral nutrition applied by a nutrient solution on yield and mineral composition of maize FVH. Two nutrient concentration treatments were applied: High nutrition (Na) and Low nutrition (Nb), and a control treatment with water (Te). The study was conducted in 2015, in a greenhouse located in the Agricultural Experiment Station Fabio Baudrit Moreno (EEAFBM), Alajuela, Costa Rica. Seed was selected and prepared by disinfection, imbibition and aeration. It was then pre-germinated for 3 days in a wet chamber in plastic trays at a density of 3 kg.m -2 . Plastic trays were then moved to a production greenhouse in which they remained for 11 days until harvest. Application of nutrient solution had no significant effect (p>0.05) on fresh weight (PF), dry matter (DM) production, conversion efficiency (EC) RESUMENEl forraje verde hidropónico (FVH) consiste en la producción especializada de biomasa vegetal a partir del crecimiento inicial de plántu-las, la cual representa una alternativa en alimentación animal ante el sistema convencional basado en pastoreo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la nutrición mineral aplicada mediante solución nutritiva, sobre la productividad y la composición de nutrientes minerales, de FVH de maíz. Se aplicaron 2 tratamientos de concentración de nutrientes: Nutrición alta (N a ) y Nutrición baja (N b ), y un tratamiento control con agua (T e ). El estudio se realizó en el 2015, en un invernadero ubicado en la Estación Experimental Agrícola Fabio Baudrit Moreno (EEAFBM), Alajuela, Costa Rica. La semilla se seleccionó y se preparó mediante desinfección, imbibición y aireación; seguidamente se pregerminó en cáma-ra húmeda (3 días) en bandejas plásticas a una densidad de 3 kg.m -2 . Luego las bandejas se trasladaron a un invernadero de producción, donde permaneció durante 11 días hasta la cosecha. La aplicación de solución nutritiva no tuvo efecto significativo (p>0,05) sobre la producción de peso fresco (PF) y de materia seca (MS), la eficiencia

Forrajes hidropónicos: una alternativa para la alimentación de animales domésticos

“…Although irrigation methods recently associated with agricultural systems, such as underground drip irrigation, have been evaluated to produce pastures with lower amounts of water 34 , the reality is that water use efficiency (WUE) still maintains low values of 1.6-1.9 kg DM m -3 compared to those calculated for the HGF production system. In other studies, the potential of using forage as a food source in animal production was verified 12,35 . On the other hand, the hydroponic oat forage in the feeding of rabbits improved the daily weight gain to (35.09 g), the feed conversion index 5.5, in addition to the weight of the animal to market (3136.5 g) and good profitability 9 .…”

“…Measurement variables: plant height, hydroponic green feed benefit, DM, and crude protein (%) 32 . The application of mineral nutrients through the solution will not affect the yield of fresh forage or the microbiological indicators and shows the potential of using green hydroponic corn feed as a food source in the rearing, handling, and production of animals 12 . Using the HGF production technique, 15-25 t of DM 20 can be harvested annually.…”

“…The mineral nutrient solution makes it possible to increase biomass production per m 2 , improve nutritional quality and optimize forage harvest time. HGF is defined as obtaining forage biomass in short cycles at harvest 8,9 and geoponic green forage (GGF) are crop alternatives for feeding cattle, because they constitute a quality green forage, free of weeds, pests and diseases 10,11 , as well as innocuous, with high palatability 10,12,13 . The HGF is suitable for feeding livestock, especially during times of scarcity 10 , which allows the yield for the weight consumed, in the assimilation of the feed.…”

“…The HGF is suitable for feeding livestock, especially during times of scarcity 10 , which allows the yield for the weight consumed, in the assimilation of the feed. There are different characteristics of HGF production, the basic technique is the germination of grain seeds in high sowing conditions to obtain 20 to 30 cm of forage in 8 to 12 days 9,11,14 , this is watered with water benefited with essential mineral nutrients, called nutritive solution 12,[15][16][17][18] , in protected situations some environmental variables intervene such as light, temperature and humidity 19 . Therefore, it is critical to develop methods alternative forage production, aimed at saving water, high production per m 2 , quality of nutrients, transfer flexibility and minimal negative impact on the environment 20,21 .…”

Producción de forrajes de avena y trigo bajo sistemas hidropónico y convencional

“…El forraje verde hidropónico (FVH) es una alternativa propuesta para solventar los problemas de falta de alimento a los animales de granja, que consiste en la producción de biomasa vegetal a partir del crecimiento inicial de plántulas (Ramírez-Víquez & Soto-Bravo, 2017;Zagal-Tranquilino et al, 2016); además, posee atributos nutricionales aptos para la alimentación animal (Nava-Noriega et al, 2005) y complementa la suplencia de forraje durante todo el año, debido a que se puede producir en áreas marginales y poco fértiles (Vargas-Rodríguez, 2008). Este sistema de producción no es muy utilizado en el país, menos aún en la provincia de Loja, por lo que iniciar con estudios en este tema será de mucha utilidad para el productor de ganado bovino de esta zona del Ecuador.…”