Efecto de la aplicación de fibra de coco (Cocos nucifera L.) en el almacenamiento y eficiencia del uso del agua en un Alfisol, sembrado con ballica (Lolium multiflorum L.) y en la toxicidad en lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.)

Abstract

Efecto de la aplicación de fibra de coco (Cocos nucifera L.) en el almacenamiento y eficiencia del uso del agua en un Alfisol, sembrado con ballica (Lolium multiflorum L.) y en la toxicidad en lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.).Effect of applying coconut fiber (Cocos nucifera L.) on storage and water use efficiency in an Alfisol seeded with ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) and its toxicity in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.).The search for techniques that allow a more efficient use of water is a global task, since this resource is increasingly scarce and its quality is constantly deteriorating. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of applying coconut fiber CF on physical-hydric parameters of the soil and its water use efficiency (WUE). The effects of coconut fiber (CF) were assessed on water consumption, water use efficiency and aerial and root biomass of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.). In addition, it was also evaluated whether CF causes toxic effects on lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L.). Treatments were established according to the proportion of CF and soil in g g -1 soil CF: T1 = 1:80, T2 = 1:40 and T3 = 1:20, and a control treatment (T0 = no substrate). Additionally, 3 charges of water (100, 75, 50 % of field capacity) were established. Results showed that the best treatment for water consumption was T3-50 (377.8 ml), for WUE the best treatment was T3-100 (8.52 kg DM m -3 ), for aerial biomass it was T3-100 (4.59 g MS) and in the case of root biomass the best treatment was T3-100 (1.92 g MS). It was concluded that the additionof coconut fiber substrate to the mix improves the physical and hydrological characteristics of degraded soil. There were no toxic effects on lettuce among the applied rates of CF. The germination index (IG) ranged from 124.82 to 156.03 % and the best treatments were T3 and T2.

Toxicity of paper mill pelletized waste using germination and biomass production as bioindicators

“…The experiment was conducted in pots under controlled conditions in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agronomy of the Universidad de Concepción, Chillán. Each treatment used 1 kg of soil sieved with a 2 mm sieve and dried at room temperature (Sandoval et al, 2013). The dose of disaggregated pellets was added to the soil of each pot of 0.5 L with a diameter of 8 cm and 10 cm of high, and the pellet and soil mixture was homogenized in a polyethylene bag.…”

“…After the last cutting, plants were unpotted to quantify DM in the roots by carefully washing them with plenty of water. The DM of each ryegrass cutting and of the roots was determined by drying at 60 ºC in a forced-air oven until constant weight (Sandoval et al, 2013).…”

“…Papermill biosolids are a valuable waste with a low metal content that can increase total soil C and N. They provide a good source of N through mineralization, and makes P and S readily available to crops (Gagnon and Ziadi, 2012). Assays have also been conducted with ryegrass in pots to evaluate the effects of residues in soil under controlled conditions (San Martin et al, 2016;Sandoval et al, 2013). Additionally, pulp and paper mill waste can be used to amend degraded soils and to create their sustainable use.…”

Crecimiento y desarrollo fotosintético de Swietenia mahagoni en sustratos inoculados con micorrizas arbusculares

“…Lo anterior ha motivado la investigación sobre sustratos alternativos, como la cascarilla de cacao. Se ha encontrado que las características de sustratos compuestos por materiales disponibles localmente como cascarilla de cacao y fibra de coco cumplen con los estándares para producir plantas en contenedor (Díaz et al 2013, Sandoval et al 2013. En sustratos a base de cascarilla de cacao y fibra de coco se han obtenido plántulas de calidad de Swietenia macrophylla King., Cedrela odorata L. y Caesalpinea violacea (Mill.)…”