Abstract:The FLAG-IDA induction regimen for the treatment of high-risk leukaemia patients is an established protocol, with good tolerance and acceptable toxicity levels that offers an opportunity for facilitating the transplantation of haematopoietic progenitors.
“…The prognosis of patients with R/R ALL is generally poor, with a reported median overall survival of less than 6–7 months [ 2 , 4 , 6 ]. Under these circumstances, time spent in hospital and quality of life (QoL) should be considered as relevant treatment outcomes.…”
Background
Philadelphia chromosome-negative (Ph−) relapsed or refractory (R/R) B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is rare, and information on its impact on healthcare systems is scarce.
Objective
To quantify the time and reimbursement associated with hospitalisations of patients with R/R ALL in a Spanish hospital.
Methods
Retrospective review of medical charts identified patients aged ≥ 18 years with Ph− R/R ALL hospitalised between 1998 and 2014. Data were collected from the date of first diagnosis of R/R ALL (index) until death or loss to follow-up. The primary endpoint was the proportion of time hospitalised during chemotherapy. Reimbursement associated with hospitalisations (including associated chemotherapy) was also assessed.
Results
Thirty-two patients were eligible for inclusion. Their median age was 41 years, and 50% had a first remission duration of ≤ 1 year; 34% had undergone allogeneic haematological stem-cell transplantation (alloHSCT). Overall, 31 patients had received intensive salvage chemotherapy, during which there were 42 hospitalisations (mean 1.4/patient; mean duration 26 days). Patients spent a mean of 71% of the chemotherapy period in hospital. Total mean reimbursement was €26,417 per patient, almost all (€25,723) attributable to inpatient stays (€18,986/hospitalisation). From the index date to death or loss to follow-up (excluding alloHSCT-related hospitalisations), there were 80 hospitalisations (mean duration 24 days); mean reimbursement was €16,692 per hospitalisation and €41,730 per patient. AlloHSCT (
n
= 8) involved 18 hospitalisations (mean reimbursement €39,782/hospitalisation; €89,510/patient).
Conclusion
Data from this sample of patients suggest that hospitalisations in R/R ALL are lengthy and associated with high costs in Spain.
“…The prognosis of patients with R/R ALL is generally poor, with a reported median overall survival of less than 6–7 months [ 2 , 4 , 6 ]. Under these circumstances, time spent in hospital and quality of life (QoL) should be considered as relevant treatment outcomes.…”
Background
Philadelphia chromosome-negative (Ph−) relapsed or refractory (R/R) B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is rare, and information on its impact on healthcare systems is scarce.
Objective
To quantify the time and reimbursement associated with hospitalisations of patients with R/R ALL in a Spanish hospital.
Methods
Retrospective review of medical charts identified patients aged ≥ 18 years with Ph− R/R ALL hospitalised between 1998 and 2014. Data were collected from the date of first diagnosis of R/R ALL (index) until death or loss to follow-up. The primary endpoint was the proportion of time hospitalised during chemotherapy. Reimbursement associated with hospitalisations (including associated chemotherapy) was also assessed.
Results
Thirty-two patients were eligible for inclusion. Their median age was 41 years, and 50% had a first remission duration of ≤ 1 year; 34% had undergone allogeneic haematological stem-cell transplantation (alloHSCT). Overall, 31 patients had received intensive salvage chemotherapy, during which there were 42 hospitalisations (mean 1.4/patient; mean duration 26 days). Patients spent a mean of 71% of the chemotherapy period in hospital. Total mean reimbursement was €26,417 per patient, almost all (€25,723) attributable to inpatient stays (€18,986/hospitalisation). From the index date to death or loss to follow-up (excluding alloHSCT-related hospitalisations), there were 80 hospitalisations (mean duration 24 days); mean reimbursement was €16,692 per hospitalisation and €41,730 per patient. AlloHSCT (
n
= 8) involved 18 hospitalisations (mean reimbursement €39,782/hospitalisation; €89,510/patient).
Conclusion
Data from this sample of patients suggest that hospitalisations in R/R ALL are lengthy and associated with high costs in Spain.
Introduction and objectives: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in pediatric patients is an issue that affects the quality of life of the patient and his family, so it is urgent to know the physiology, presentation, and functionality of the cell population that allows determining the more effective treatments. The objective is to review the evidence derived from cohort studies and clinical trials on ALL in pediatric patients. Method: A retrospective study carried out based on the search for cohort studies and clinical trials in the last 10 years in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register whose keywords [Acute and Lymphoblastic Leukemia], [epigenetical], [Drug Therapy], [Pediatric]. Results: 87 articles were found based on titles and abstracts, of which 16 focus on the age group and criteria of interest. Of the 10% of the known etiology, genetic alterations are more important. However, there are epigenetic modifications that are important for leukemia to occur, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and regulation by non-coding RNAs. Discussion/conclusions: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a heterogeneous pathology and the study of its molecular biology is very useful to identify therapeutic targets and have greater effectiveness in treatment and increase disease-free survival with a longer-term than the current one. In each proposed treatment scheme, it is sought that there be greater effectiveness and less toxicity as in the AIEOP-BFM ALL or IDA-FLAG schemes.
Background:Oncologists today are greatly concerned about the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute leukemia. FLANG regimen, combination of novantron, cytarabine, fludarabine, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, has been used in treatment of refractory/relapsed acute leukemia since 1990s. The present study has evaluated mortality and response rate of this regimen.Materials and Methods:In this study, 25 patients with refractory/relapsed acute leukemia aged 15-55 years underwent FLANG regimen at Seyed-Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan, Iran during 2008-2009. One month later, bone marrow samples were taken to evaluate the responsiveness to treatment. Participants were followed for a year. The data was analyzed by student-t and chi-square tests, logistic, and Cox regression analysis, and Kaplan-Meier curves in SPSS19.Results:Out of the 25 patients, 8 patients (32%) had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (5 refractory and 3 relapsed cases) and 17 subjects had acute myeloid leukemia (7 refractory and 10 relapsed cases). According to the bone marrow biopsies taken one month after FLANG regimen, 10 patients (40%) had responded to treatment. Five patients of the 10 responders underwent successful bone marrow transplantation (BMT). On the other hand, 13 patients (52%), who had not entered the CR period, died during the follow-up. Logistic regression analysis did not reveal any significant associations between disease type and responsiveness to treatment.Conclusion:This study indicated higher rates of unresponsiveness to treatment while its mortality rate was comparable with other studies. Overall, according to limitations for BMT (as the only chance for cure) in Iran, it seems that FLANG therapy is an acceptable choice for these patients.
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