EFAS Score — Multilingual development and validation of a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) by the score committee of the European Foot and Ankle Society (EFAS)

Richter, Martinus; Ågren, Per-Henrik; Besse, Jean-Luc; Cöster, Maria; Kofoed, Hakon; Maffulli, Nicola; Rosenbaum, Dieter; Steultjens, Martijn; Álvarez, Fernándo; Boszczyk, Andrzej; Buedts, Kristian; Guelfi, Matteo; Liszka, Henryk; Louwerens, Jan-Willem K; Repo, Jussi P.; Samaila, Elena Manuela; Stephens, Michael M.; Witteveen, Angélique G.H.

doi:10.1016/j.fas.2018.05.004

Cited by 59 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The data were acquired using clinical examination combined with the patients' medical records and standardized 1,[16][17][18][19] In addition to these scores, the ability to return to work and sports, as well as details of any complications or revision surgeries, were recorded. Radiographic analysis was performed by a senior foot and ankle surgeon.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Isolated Screw to Plate and Screw Fixation for Tarsometatarsal Arthrodesis Including Clinical Outcome Predictors

et al. 2021

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Background: The common treatment for end-stage tarsometatarsal (TMT) arthritis is an arthrodesis of the affected joints. This study was performed to examine the clinical and radiographic outcome after TMT arthrodesis and to identify risk factors for postoperative complications. Methods: A total of 101 patients with tarsometatarsal arthritis of at least 2 joints were retrospectively examined. Data were acquired using clinical and radiographic examination, pedobarographic analysis, and standardized questionnaires, including the European Foot and Ankle Society Score, the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score, a pain numeric rating scale (NRS), the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, and the University of California at Los Angeles Activity (UCLA) Score. The fixation technique, any complications, and revision surgery were recorded. Results: All scores improved significantly, except for the UCLA Score. The mean pain NRS score was significantly reduced from 7.7 preoperative to 3.0 postoperative ( P < .05). The overall nonunion rate was 12.6%. Compared with 2 crossed-screw fixation, locking plate plus compression screw fixation was associated with a decreased nonunion rate (odds ratio [OR] 0.165, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.032-0.854; P = .017). A body mass index >27 was significantly associated with a higher nonunion rate and wound healing problems (OR 12.05, 95% CI 1.430-101.468; P = .006; OR 5.03, 95% CI 1.273-19.871; P = .013). The overall reoperation rate was 25.2%. Conclusion: TMT arthrodesis of the medial and central column resulted in significant improvement in foot function and pain. A major complication was nonunion. Locking plate plus compression screw fixation was associated with a lower nonunion rate. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative series.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Isolated Screw to Plate and Screw Fixation for Tarsometatarsal Arthrodesis Including Clinical Outcome Predictors

et al. 2021

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“…They concluded that all evaluated instruments were valid and reliable, and none of the foot and ankle specific scales offered advantages when comparing them to lower extremity instruments (the LEFS and the WOMAC). A new PROM called the EFAS score has recently been developed for foot and ankle patients by the score committee of the European Foot and Ankle Society (EFAS) [33]. This new instrument may provide further possibilities is assessing the treatment of foot and ankle diseases as it has been developed to overcome the weaknesses of other foot and ankle specific instruments [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the structural validity of three foot and ankle specific patient-reported outcome measures

Ponkilainen

Tukiainen

Uimonen

et al. 2020

Foot and Ankle Surgery

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Background: The structural validity of the Lower extremity functional scale (LEFS), the Visual analogue scale foot and ankle (VAS-FA), and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) has not been compared earlier in patients after foot and ankle surgery. Methods: Altogether 165 previously operated patients completed the foot and ankle specific instruments, the 15D health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument, and general health (VAS). Results: The LEFS, the VAS-FA and the WOMAC had slight differences in their measurement properties. The VAS-FA had the best targeting and coverage. All three foot and ankle measures accounted for mobility and usual activities when compared to the different aspects of generic HRQoL. Conclusions: The LEFS, the VAS-FA and the WOMAC have relatively similar psychometric properties among foot and ankle patients, yet the VAS-FA provides the best targeting and coverage.

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“…Finally, the herein used PROMs are not fully validated per the COSMIN group recommendations [26–28] and the normative data available for the VAS-FA have not been validated in a foot and ankle trauma population [32]. Future studies should be even more aware of the PROMs chosen and consider scores such as the Self-reported Foot and Ankle Score (SEFAS) [21, 34], Manchester-Oxford foot questionnaire (MOXFQ) [35–37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical outcome and concomitant injuries in operatively treated fractures of the lateral process of the talus

Hörterer

Baumbach

Lemperle

et al. 2019

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background The aim of this study was to review the patient rated outcome (PROM) of surgically treated fractures to the lateral process of the talus (LPTF) and identify factors influencing the outcome. Methods Retrospective study with a current follow-up. Eligible were all patients treated surgically for a LPTF ( n = 23) with a minimum follow-up of one year. Demographics, medical history, trauma mechanism, fracture characteristics, concomitant injuries, treatment details, complications, return to work and sports were assessed retrospectively. The current follow-up included the VAS FA, Karlsson Score, and SF-12. The primary outcome was the VAS FA. Secondary aim was the identification of parameters influencing the PROMs. Results 22 patients (96% follow-up) with a mean age of 32 ± 9 (18 to 49) years were included. 73% suffered a Hawkins Type 1, 23% a Type 2, and one patient a Type 3 fracture. 82% suffered concomitant injuries. 9% suffered minor surgical side infections, 50% developed symptomatic subtalar osteoarthritis. At final follow-up (44 ± 2 (12 to 97) months), the mean VAS FA Overall was 77 ± 21 (20 to 100), the Karlsson Score 72 ± 21 (34 to 97), and for the SF 12 the PCS 53 ± 8 (36 to 64) and the MCS 53 ± 7 (32 to 63). 50% of patients returned to their previous level of sports. Hawkins Type 1 fractures resulted in better VAS FA Overall score than Type 2 fractures. Posttraumatic subtalar osteoarthritis was the independent factor associated to a poor patient rated outcome (VAS FA, Karlsson Score). Conclusion After a follow-up of over 3.5 years, surgically treated LPTF resulted in only moderate results. 50% suffered posttraumatic symptomatic subtalar osteoarthritis, which was the primary independent parameter for a poor outcome following LPTF. Level of evidence Level III. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12891-019-2603-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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EFAS Score — Multilingual development and validation of a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) by the score committee of the European Foot and Ankle Society (EFAS)

Abstract: The multi-language EFAS Score was successfully validated in the orthopaedic ankle and foot surgery patient population, including a wide variety of foot and ankle pathologies. All score versions are freely available at www.efas.co.

Cited by 59 publications

References 38 publications

Comparison of Isolated Screw to Plate and Screw Fixation for Tarsometatarsal Arthrodesis Including Clinical Outcome Predictors

Comparison of Isolated Screw to Plate and Screw Fixation for Tarsometatarsal Arthrodesis Including Clinical Outcome Predictors

Assessment of the structural validity of three foot and ankle specific patient-reported outcome measures

Clinical outcome and concomitant injuries in operatively treated fractures of the lateral process of the talus

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