Een uitbraak van hondenziekte bij steenmarters (Martes foina) in Vlaanderen

Tavernier, Paul; Baert, Kristof; Bildt, Marco van de; Kuiken, Thijs; Cay, Ann Brigitte; Maes, S.; Roels, Stefan; Gouwy, Jan; Berge, Koen Van Den

doi:10.21825/vdt.v81i2.18362

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Previously, it has been shown that free‐ranging carnivores can enter mink farms and exchange pathogens with mink. For example, regular outbreaks with canine distemper virus on Dutch mink farms are an indication that mink exchange viruses with free‐ranging carnivores (Deem et al., 2000 ; Molenaar & Buter, 2018 ; Tavernier et al., 2012 ). Moreover, SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected cats and SARSCoV‐2 positive escaped mink have been found in the proximity of infected mink farms in 2020 (Lu et al., 2021 ; van Aart et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission between free‐ranging animals and captive mink in the Netherlands

Sikkema

Begeman

Janßen

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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In the Netherlands, 69 of the 126 (55%) mink farms in total became infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 in 2020. Despite strict biosecurity measures and extensive epidemiological investigations, the main transmission route remained unclear. A better understanding of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission between mink farms is of relevance for countries where mink farming is still common practice and can be used as a case study to improve future emerging disease preparedness. We assessed whether SARS‐CoV‐2 spilled over from mink to free‐ranging animals, and whether free‐ranging animals may have played a role in farm‐to‐farm transmission in the Netherlands. The study encompassed farm visits, farm questionnaires, expert workshops and SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA and antibody testing of samples from target animal species (bats, birds and free‐ranging carnivores). In this study, we show that the open housing system of mink allowed access to birds, bats and most free‐ranging carnivores, and that direct and indirect contact with mink was likely after entry, especially for free‐ranging carnivores and birds. This allowed SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure to animals entering the mink farm, and subsequent infection or mechanical carriage by the target animal species. Moreover, mink can escape farms in some cases, and two SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive mink were found outside farm premises. No other SARS‐CoV‐2‐RNA‐positive free‐ranging animals were detected, suggesting there was no abundant circulation in the species tested during the study period. To investigate previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infections, SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody detection using lung extracts of carcasses was set up and validated. One tested beech marten did have SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies, but the closest SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected mink farm was outside of its home range, making infection at a mink farm unlikely. Knowing that virus exchange between different species and the formation of animal reservoirs affects SARS‐CoV‐2 evolution, continued vigilance and monitoring of mink farms and surrounding wildlife remains vital.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission between free‐ranging animals and captive mink in the Netherlands

Sikkema

Begeman

Janßen

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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“…Gulo gulo is particularly vulnerable to a warming climate and declining snowpack (Peacock 2011), and milder winters may increase the niche overlap between Martes americana and Pekania pennanti , favouring the last over the first (Suffice et al 2017, Pauli et al 2022). To a lesser extent, diseases in Pekania pennanti (Larkin et al 2011) and Martes foina (Tavernier et al 2012) have also received attention.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global review of the conservation threats and status of mustelids

2022

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The family Mustelidae is the largest among the order Carnivora. While we know a great deal about certain species, there is still a lack of information about many mustelids. We first investigated the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List species‐level assessments for each mustelid species. Then, we undertook a systematic review of the scientific literature with the aim of identifying the primary threats and subthreats reported, and which species are most studied. Threats are defined by the IUCN as “the proximate human activities or processes that have impacted, are impacting, or may impact the status of the taxon”. We analysed 1003 published articles. For each article, we collected year of publication, geographical zone of each study, species studied, and the threats and subthreats identified. The majority of species (62%) were classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, but 31 out of 63 species were found to be declining globally and only two species were increasing. The species studied and location of studies were biased, with 72% of studies undertaken in North America or Europe and focussing on very few species. A high proportion of species distributed predominantly in the tropics were categorised as declining, and threats linked with hunting, fishing, and logging were identified as the most common for mustelids by the IUCN Red List and in the scientific literature. Differences in the proportion of threats affecting each subfamily were also reported. The nature of threats varies in different parts of the world and between species. It is essential to undertake more research with a strong focus towards species in highly biodiverse regions. A greater understanding of threats such as wildlife pet trade, emerging diseases, and climate change must also be central to prevent declines.

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“…Lead poisoning was diagnosed in 16% live and 4.04% dead anseriformes presented at the Bird Clinic of the Veterinary Faculty of Ghent University in the period 2002(Tavernier et al, 2005a. Acute poisoning caused by lead shot ingestion was also diagnosed in two young racing pigeons (Tavernier et al, 2005b).…”

Section: Wildlifementioning

confidence: 99%

Animal poisonings in Belgium: a review of the past decade

Vandenbroucke¹,

Pelt²,

Backer³

et al. 2010

Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift

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This review focuses on poisonings in companion animals, including horses, farm animals and wildlife, investigated and recorded during the past ten years at the Laboratory of Toxicology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (Ghent University) and the National Poison Centre in Belgium. The causative agents of poisoning incidents vary among the different species. The Laboratory of Toxicology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine reports that the majority of poisoning incidents in companion animals, and especially in dogs and cats, are due to contact with insecticides and pesticides, whereas horses are more frequently poisoned by plant toxins. Farm animals, on the other hand, are mainly intoxicated by heavy metals, toxic plants and agrochemicals. The Belgian Poison Centre reports that intoxications in companion animals are mostly with agrochemicals, household products and drugs, whereas in farm animals intoxications with agrochemicals are a common problem. This review gives an overview of the most common causes of intoxication and their association with the different animal species. In addition, some rare or difficult to diagnose intoxications are described, which account for a small number of poisoning cases. SAMENVATTINGIn dit overzichtsartikel wordt de nadruk gelegd op vergiftigingen van huisdieren, paarden inbegrepen, landbouwdieren en wild, die gedurende de laatste tien jaar in het Laboratorium voor Toxicologie van de Faculteit Diergeneeskunde (Universiteit Gent) en het Antigifcentrum van België onderzocht en gerapporteerd werden. De oorzaak van vergiftiging varieert naargelang de diersoort.Aan het Laboratorium voor Toxicologie van de Faculteit Diergeneeskunde stelt men vast dat de meerderheid van de intoxicaties bij huisdieren, vooral bij de hond en de kat, te wijten is aan contact met insecticiden en pesticiden, terwijl paarden eerder aangetast worden door plantentoxinen. Landbouwdieren worden vooral vergiftigd door zware metalen, toxische planten en landbouwchemicaliën. Het Antigifcentrum rapporteert bij kleine huisdieren vooral intoxicaties met landbouwchemicaliën, huishoudelijke producten en medicatie terwijl bij landbouwhuisdieren voornamelijk intoxicaties met landbouwchemicaliën een frequent voorkomend probleem zijn. In dit artikel wordt een overzicht gegeven van de meest voorkomende oorzaken van intoxicatie en hun associatie met de verschillende diersoorten. Bijkomend worden enkele zeldzame of moeilijk te diagnosticeren intoxicaties beschreven die een rol spelen bij een beperkt aantal vergiftigingsgevallen.

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Een uitbraak van hondenziekte bij steenmarters (Martes foina) in Vlaanderen

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Risks of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission between free‐ranging animals and captive mink in the Netherlands

Risks of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission between free‐ranging animals and captive mink in the Netherlands

A global review of the conservation threats and status of mustelids

Animal poisonings in Belgium: a review of the past decade

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