EEG Dynamics of a Go/Nogo Task in Children with ADHD

Baijot, Simon; Zarka, David; Leroy, Axelle; Slama, Hichem; Colin, Cécile; Deconinck, Nicolas; Dan, Bernard; Chéron, Guy

doi:10.3390/brainsci7120167

Cited by 30 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…We observed a very significant effect of adaptive training on the P1-like wave component in the ADHD group. It is known that P1/N1 early sensory ERP components tend to be attenuated in ADHD patients [89][90][91][92] and our observations before training confirm those studies. Attentional modulation progress along the build-up of the ensuing P1-like [93,94].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Early Attentional Modulation by Working Memory Training in Young Adult ADHD Patients during a Risky Decision-Making Task

et al. 2020

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Background: Working memory (WM) deficits and impaired decision making are among the characteristic symptoms of patients affected by attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The inattention associated with the disorder is likely to be due to functional deficits of the neural networks inhibiting irrelevant sensory input. In the presence of unnecessary information, a good decisional process is impaired and ADHD patients tend to take risky decisions. This study is aimed to test the hypothesis that the level of difficulty of a WM training (WMT) is affecting the top-down modulation of the attentional processes in a probabilistic gambling task. Methods: Event-related potentials (ERP) triggered by the choice of the amount wagered in the gambling task were recorded, before and after WMT with a the dual n-back task, in young ADHD adults and matched controls. For each group of participants, randomly assigned individuals were requested to perform WMT with a fixed baseline level of difficulty. The remaining participants were trained with a performance-dependent adaptive n-level of difficulty. Results: We compared the ERP recordings before and after 20 days of WMT in each subgroup. The analysis was focused on the time windows with at least three recording sites showing differences before and after training, after Bonferroni correction ( p < 0.05 ). In ADHD, the P1 wave component was selectively affected at frontal sites and its shape was recovered close to controls’ only after adaptive training. In controls, the strongest contrast was observed at parietal level with a left hemispheric dominance at latencies near 900 ms, more after baseline than after adaptive training. Conclusion: Partial restoration of early selective attentional processes in ADHD patients might occur after WMT with a high cognitive load. Modified frontal sites’ activities might constitute a neural marker of this effect in a gambling task. In controls, conversely, an increase in late parietal negativity might rather be a marker of an increase in transfer effects to fluid intelligence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Early Attentional Modulation by Working Memory Training in Young Adult ADHD Patients during a Risky Decision-Making Task

et al. 2020

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“…This is inevitable, but it is possible that the severe cases were lost to analysis. The number of cases excluded from analyses is consistent with other ERP studies in children with ADHD (Baijot et al, 2017; Chronaki et al, 2015; Chronaki et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

The reinforcing value of delay escape in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An electrophysiological study

Chronaki

Benikos

Soltész

et al. 2019

NeuroImage: Clinical

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The delay aversion hypothesis argues that the tendency for impulsive choice (preference for smaller sooner over larger later rewards) is motivated by the escape of negative affective states associated with delay. This model predicts that individuals with ADHD find the imposition of delay before an outcome or event especially aversive and its escape reinforcing. Consistent with this, fMRI studies show that ADHD is associated with amygdala hyper-sensitivity to cues of delay. However, evidence that delay escape is reinforcing is lacking. Here we extend fMRI research by using electrophysiological methods to study the reinforcing properties of delay-escape in ADHD. Thirty controls and 25 adolescents with ADHD aged 10–15 years performed the Escape Delay Incentive (EDI) task- in which pre-target cues indicated three conditions: i) CERTAIN DELAY: delay would follow a response irrespective of response speed ii) CONDITIONAL DELAY: delay would only follow if the response was too slow and iii) NO DELAY: delay would follow the response whatever the speed. We focused on the Contingent Negative Variation (CNV), a cue-evoked marker of motivated response preparation, across two time windows (CNV1 and CNV2). We took measures of parent, teacher and self-rated ADHD symptoms, task performance (RT) and self-rated delay aversion. We isolated CNV components and compared these between ADHD and controls. Adolescents with ADHD displayed a larger CNV2 to the CONDITIONAL DELAY than the CERTAIN DELAY cues compared to controls. However, this effect was not mirrored at the performance level and was unrelated to self-reported delay aversion. Our study provides the first ERP evidence that delay escape differentially reinforcers neural activation of attention preparation in ADHD cases. Future studies should examine the impact of varying cognitive load on task EDI performance.

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“…Interestingly, ADHD seems to be associated with increased theta and decreased relative alpha activity 70 . More specifically, measures of theta and alpha are associated with numerous abnormalities in ADHD such as a disturbed shift from the default mode to the task mode (default mode interference 71 , developmental delays (maturation lag 72 ), increased performance instability 73 , and hypo-arousal 74 ). Potentially, these findings are interrelated, reflecting different symptoms of a common cause: The underlying mechanism may hence be the instable, non-optimal interplay between different neuronal oscillations, especially in the theta and alpha bands 75 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal alterations of directed connectivity profiles in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders

Moliadze

Boecher

Siemann

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Functional and effective connectivity measures for tracking brain region interactions that have been investigated using both electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) bringing up new insights into clinical research. However, the differences between these connectivity methods, especially at the source level, have not yet been systematically studied. The dynamic characterization of coherent sources and temporal partial directed coherence, as measures of functional and effective connectivity, were applied to multimodal resting EEG and MEG data obtained from 11 young patients (mean age 13.2 ± 1.5 years) with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and age-matched healthy subjects. Additionally, machine-learning algorithms were applied to the extracted connectivity features to identify biomarkers differentiating the two groups. An altered thalamo-cortical connectivity profile was attested in patients with ADHD who showed solely information outflow from cortical regions in comparison to healthy controls who exhibited bidirectional interregional connectivity in alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands. We achieved an accuracy of 98% by combining features from all five studied frequency bands. Our findings suggest that both types of connectivity as extracted from EEG or MEG are sensitive methods to investigate neuronal network features in neuropsychiatric disorders. The connectivity features investigated here can be further tested as biomarkers of ADHD.

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EEG Dynamics of a Go/Nogo Task in Children with ADHD

Cited by 30 publications

References 90 publications

Early Attentional Modulation by Working Memory Training in Young Adult ADHD Patients during a Risky Decision-Making Task

Early Attentional Modulation by Working Memory Training in Young Adult ADHD Patients during a Risky Decision-Making Task

The reinforcing value of delay escape in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An electrophysiological study

Multimodal alterations of directed connectivity profiles in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders

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