EEG-Based Prediction of the Recovery of Carotid Blood Flow during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in a Swine Model

Kim, Heejin; Kim, Ki Hong; Hong, Ki Jeong; Ku, Yun Hyi; Shin, Sang Do; Kim, Hee Chan

doi:10.3390/s21113650

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…As for animal models [7,[32][33][34][35][36], ventricular fibrillation was medically induced and treated following a standard protocol. In all these cases, EEG showed a good correlation with cerebral blood flow recovery.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While results in animal models are promising [7,[32][33][34][35][36], literature data in humans are still controversial. Few studies suggested that BIS ™ or PSi values, and/or EEG analysis might reflect cerebral oxygenation [11,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23]; nevertheless, others showed that BIS ™ values, and EEG monitoring are not reliable indicator of cerebral function due to mechanical artifacts related to external chest compression and involuntary head movements [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electroencephalographic monitoring of brain activity during cardiac arrest: a narrative review

Roberti

Chiarini²,

Latronico³

et al. 2023

ICMx

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Background To date cardiac arrest (CA) remains a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality: despite advances in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), survival is still burdened by hypoxic–ischemic brain injury (HIBI), and poor neurological outcome, eventually leading to withdrawal of life sustaining treatment (WLST). The aim of CPR is cardiac pump support to preserve organ perfusion, until normal cardiac function is restored. However, clinical parameters of target organ end-perfusion during CPR, particularly brain perfusion, are still to be identified. In this context, electroencephalography (EEG) and its derivatives, such as processed EEG, could be used to assess brain function during CA. Objectives We aimed to review literature regarding the feasibility of EEG and processed or raw EEG monitoring during CPR. Methods A review of the available literature was performed and consisted of mostly case reports and observational studies in both humans and animals, for a total number of 22 relevant studies. Results The research strategy identified 22 unique articles. 4 observational studies were included and 6 animal testing studies in swine models. The remaining studies were case reports. Literature regarding this topic consists of conflicting results, containing studies where the feasibility of EEG during CPR was positive, and others where the authors reached opposite conclusions. Furthermore, the level of evidence, in general, remains low. Discussion EEG may represent a useful tool to assess CPR effectiveness. A multimodal approach including other non-invasive tools such as, quantitative infrared pupillometry and transcranial Doppler, could help to optimize the quality of resuscitation maneuvers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroencephalographic monitoring of brain activity during cardiac arrest: a narrative review

Roberti

Chiarini²,

Latronico³

et al. 2023

ICMx

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…First, we were unable to stratify the types of CPR interventions due to the heterogeneity of CPR interventions (including defibrillation, anti-arrhythmic drugs, adrenergic drugs, and mechanical CPR). Efforts were made to provide specific information in each article in Supplementary Material B [40–256] to identify the type of VF induction used in the experiment of interest. Second, the quality of the included studies was not assessed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of swine models for ventricular fibrillation induction in evaluating cardiopulmonary resuscitation methods

Low,

Azahar,

Samson

et al. 2024

Cardiology Plus

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Background and purpose: Ventricular fibrillation (VF) has been studied using a variety of swine models, historically balloon occlusion of the coronary artery and asphyxiation, and more recently, percutaneous electrical induction. These methods differ in face and construct validity, as well as requirement for expertise, cost, and duration. This study aimed to provide a systematic review these methods and their selection in research. Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The Utstein-Style Guidelines for Uniform Reporting of Laboratory cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) research were used to identify the extracted variables by two independent investigators. Discrepancy was resolved by discussion with the third investigator. Results: We included 236 studies published from 1990 to 2024. The most commonly used method was electrical induction using a pacing wire cannulated through the external jugular vein into the right ventricle (n = 112), followed by transthoracic electrical induction (n = 28), asphyxiation (n = 20), electrical induction via two subcutaneous needles (n = 15), and balloon occlusion (n = 10). The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the untreated VF duration were 6.9 and 5.0 minutes, respectively. Female and male pigs were used exclusively in 52 and 45 studies, respectively; both sexes were used in 31 studies; 106 studies not reporting the sex. The mean weight of the pigs was 30.2 ± 12.4 kg in 209 studies, and the number of pigs used in the studies ranged from 2 to 271 with a median of 20 (interquartile range: 15–30) pigs in 223 studies. The four most commonly used drugs for anesthesia/preparation were ketamine (n = 145), propofol (n = 76), isoflurane (n = 68), and pentobarbital (n = 61), either alone or in combination. Higher current and voltage were used for less invasive methods. Conclusions: The two most common electric method to induce VF were invasive pacing at the right ventricle and non-invasive transthoracic electrical induction. Asphyxiation was the most common ischemic VF induction. The choice of the VF induction method depends on cost, expertise, feasibility, and the nature of the CPR intervention to be tested.

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EEG-Based Prediction of the Recovery of Carotid Blood Flow during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in a Swine Model

Cited by 2 publications

References 39 publications

Electroencephalographic monitoring of brain activity during cardiac arrest: a narrative review

Electroencephalographic monitoring of brain activity during cardiac arrest: a narrative review

Systematic review of swine models for ventricular fibrillation induction in evaluating cardiopulmonary resuscitation methods

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