Edward F. Adolph Distinguished Lecture. It’s more than skin deep: thermoregulatory and cardiovascular consequences of severe burn injuries in humans

Abstract

Each year, within the United States, tens of thousands of individuals are hospitalized for burn-related injuries. The treatment of deep burns often involves skin grafts to accelerate healing and reduce the risk of infection. The grafting procedure results in a physical disruption between the injured and subsequently debrided host site, and the skin graft placed on top of that site. Both neural and vascular connections must occur between the host site and the graft for neural modulation of skin blood flow to take place. Furthermore, evaporative cooling from such burn injured areas is effectively absent, leading to greatly impaired thermoregulatory responses in individuals with large portions of their body surface area burned. Hospitalization following a burn injury can last weeks to months, with cardiovascular and metabolic consequences of such injuries having the potential to adversely affect the burn survivor for years post-discharge. With that background, the objectives of this article are to discuss: a) our current understanding of the physiology and associated consequences of skin grafting; b) the effects of skin grafts on efferent thermoregulatory responses and the associated consequences pertaining to whole-body thermoregulation; c) approaches that may reduce the risk of excessive hyperthermia in burn survivors; d) the long-term cardiovascular consequences of burn injuries; and e) the extent to which burn survivors can "normalize" otherwise compromised cardiovascular responses. Our primary objective is to guide the reader towards an understanding that severe burn injuries result in significant physiological consequences that can persist for years after the injury.

IOC consensus statement on recommendations and regulations for sport events in the heat

“…For example, heat acclimation status profoundly alters the boundary between compensable and uncompensable heat stress secondary to modification in maximum skin wettedness 169. Similarly, injuries such as skin burns, or spinal cord damage, lead to significant physiological impairments to sweating 170 171. If physical parameters such as the surface area-to-mass ratio are distinctly different along with competitors morphology (eg, children vs adults), parameters should be adjusted accordingly 172…”