Educational, Psycho Mental and Socio economical needs of an Iranian Cohort with Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract

The findings revealed some specific characteristics which necessitate the need for more training for patients experiencing psycho mental problems than patients experiencing socioeconomic problems. This indicates that additional attention is to be followed for delivering education for patients having psycho mental complications.

Spatial and temporal distribution of the prevalence of unemployment and early retirement in people with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review with meta-analysis

“…Austria [ 39 ], Czech Republic [ 40 ], Greece [ 41 ], Hungary [ 42 ], Kuwait [ 43 ], Portugal [ 44 ], Russia [ 45 ], and Argentina [ 46 ] each contributed with one (0.6%) publication reporting the prevalence of unemployed subjects. Ireland [ 47 , 48 ], Israel [ 49 , 50 ], Poland [ 51 , 52 ], and Saudi Arabia [ 53 , 54 ] contributed with two (1.3%) studies each while Brazil [ 55 – 57 ], Iran [ 58 – 60 ], Holland [ 61 – 63 ], Norway [ 11 , 64 , 65 ], and Switzerland [ 66 – 68 ] contributed with three (2.0%) studies each. Most of the data on the estimates of the prevalence comes from Canada (four, 2.6%) [ 69 – 72 ], Denmark (five, 3.3%) [ 73 – 77 ], Belgium (five, 3.3%) [ 35 , 78 – 81 ], France (five, 3.3%) [ 82 – 86 ], Spain (five, 3.3%) [ 8 , 28 , 33 , 87 , 88 ], Sweden (seven, 4.6%) [ 89 – 95 ], Germany (eight, 5.3%) [ 96 – 103 ], Australia (eight, 5.9%) [ 38 , 104 – 110 ], Italy (nine, 5.9%) [ 111 – …”

“…Austria [39], Czech Republic [40], Greece [41], Hungary [42], Kuwait [43], Portugal [44], Russia [45], and Argentina [46] each contributed with one (0.6%) publication reporting the prevalence of unemployed subjects. Ireland [47,48], Israel [49,50], Poland [51,52], and Saudi Arabia [53,54] contributed with two (1.3%) studies each while Brazil [55][56][57], Iran [58][59][60], Holland [61][62][63], Norway [11, 64,65], and Switzerland [66][67][68] contributed with [44] accounted for the highest values. There was a statistically significant difference between the effect sizes of countries (p < 0.001) (Fig 4).…”

Calcium Intervention Ameliorates Experimental Model of Multiple Sclerosis

“…Unfortunately, the exact statistics of Iranian MS patients are not available, but based on the estimation of the Iranian MS Association; there are approximately 50000 MS patients in Iran, most of whom are living in the Isfahan province. 4 The pathogenesis of the disease is characterized by the activation and infiltration of mononuclear cells predominantly antigen-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells and B cells in the CNS, reactivation by resident antigen presenting microglial cells, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines along with generation of other inflammatory mediators. 3 The phagocytes best known to be involved in Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are monocyte-derived CD11 C+ dendritic cells and macrophages originating from either microglia or monocytes.…”

Berberine: A natural modulator of immune cells in multiple sclerosis

“…Symptoms of MS vary from central paralysis to difficulty walking, visual problems, fatigue, hearing loss, Amblyopia (lazy eyes), and even sexual impotence. 3,6 The economy is negatively impacted by this disease because the ability to work in patients goes from 82% to 8%. 7 The exact pathology of MS has not yet been discovered but based on multiple investigations, the main cause of MS is the infiltration of immune cells like T cells, B cells, and macrophage cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and starting inflammatory and immune reactions that lead to demyelination and axon loss in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord that disrupts the neuroaxonal signals 1,5,8 ; the main treatment for MS has not been discovered yet, but the base of the existing agents are: anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and immunosuppression drugs.…”

“…Despite the mechanism of affecting MS remains unknown, some genetics and environmental factors can increase susceptibility to this disease; for instance, being heterozygote for genetic locus HLA‐DRB1*15:01 has a chance proportion of MS above 3 and homozygote of it increases this ratio to above 6 5 ; environmental factors including vitamin D deficiency, being a daily smoker and EBV infection. Symptoms of MS vary from central paralysis to difficulty walking, visual problems, fatigue, hearing loss, Amblyopia (lazy eyes), and even sexual impotence 3,6 . The economy is negatively impacted by this disease because the ability to work in patients goes from 82% to 8% 7 …”