“…When comparing more recent papers (e.g., Pisapia and Lin, 2011;Qian and Walker, 2011b) with those published in the first decade (e.g., Bush, Qiang and Fang, 1998;Zhang, 2004, 2005), it appears that the overt influence of the Party and the socialist ideology on principals has somewhat diminished. However, the state and the Party continued to define the meaning of successful principalship (Walker and Qian, 2012b) and determine the content of principal professional development programmes (Chen et al, 2011;Zheng et al, 2013).…”