Educational levels and the functional dependence of ischemic stroke survivors

Depression in Older Residents With Stroke Living in Long-Term Care Facilities

“…Illiterate residents may be less likely to communicate their symptoms after stroke. Therefore, LTCFs should develop specific strategies to deliver effective healthcare to older residents with stroke who are illiterate and/or of lower socioeconomic status (Fernandes et al, 2012). This study identified no association between depressive symptoms and any of the following variables: gender, age, marital status, religion, other disease characteristics including stroke recurrence, concomitant diseases, paralysis, reason for institutionalization, or duration of institutionalization.…”

Major Depression as a Predictor of Poor Long-Term Survival in a Brazilian Stroke Cohort (Study of Stroke Mortality and Morbidity in Adults) EMMA study

“…[34][35][36] Further information about the EMMA Study is published elsewhere. 5,[37][38][39] Here, we evaluated participants enrolled in the hospital phase of the EMMA Study 37 and, they were screened for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) 40 1 month after an acute event from May 2011 to July 2013. Exclusion criteria were individuals younger than 35 years, previous transient ischemic attack, aphasia, cognitive impairment or dementia, previous history of depression, or prior use of psychiatric medications (selfreported and medical records).…”

“…1 Particularly, stroke mortality rates in Brazil are the highest in Latin America. [2][3][4] Besides that, among all chronic debilitating burdens associated with stroke, [5][6][7][8] depression is one of most common conditions that arise among stroke survivors [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] in higher levels compared to other clinical and nonclinical populations. 17,18 Previous prospective studies, mostly from high-income countries including population-and hospitalbased samples mainly based on ischemic stroke cases, suggest a wide variation in depressive symptoms (15.4%-54%) [7][8][9][10][11]15,[19][20][21][22][23] and major depressive disorder (9%-31%) during different periods of follow-up.…”

Predictors of Gains During Inpatient Rehabilitation in Patients with Stroke: A Review

“…Those other factors are more difficult to ascertain, but are certainly associated with quality of life. Examples include emotional health, depression, social involvement, work satisfaction and family or social support 9, 16, 18, 33, 36, 37, 38 . The list of components that contribute to a good quality of life are limitless.…”