Educational expectations and the rise in women’s post-secondary attainments

Parental worklessness and the experience of NEET among their offspring. Evidence from the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE)

“…Furthermore, educational aspirations and expectations have generally increased considerably in recent years (Reynolds & Pemberton, 2001;Schneider & Stevenson, 1999), especially among women (Reynolds & Burge, 2008;Schoon, 2010). Previous evidence also suggests that young males are more susceptible to their parent's socio-economic situation than females, and that socio-economic hardship is associated with lower aspirations among males than females (Schoon et al, 2007; see also Mortimer, Zhang, Hussemann & Chen-Yu, this volume).…”

Educational Inequality Between Brothers and Sisters in the United States

“…Many agents, including family, school, and the media, present models of how boys and girls should act in various contexts, including in the classroom (Thorne, 1993;Raley & Bianchi, 2006). In the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, the gender socialization process meant that boys received greater encouragement and had higher expectations from parents and teachers than girls, even when they were of equal SES background (Reynolds & Burge, 2008).…”

Sistahs with voices : influences that affected the college choice of high-achieving African American women who chose to attend a predominantly white institution instead of an historically black college or university.

“…Though education is considered essential by these women, being able to gain an education historically has not been an easy process for women or African Americans (Allan, 2011;Harper et al, 2009;Reynolds & Burge, 2008). The opportunities the participants in this study have to obtain education today are 134 the result of the struggles of many women (Allan, 2011;Reynolds & Burge, 2008) and African Americans (Harper et al, 2009) who came before them.…”

“…Though gains have been made in the last 20 years, there are still areas of higher education where inequality persists (Allan, 2011;Reynolds & Burge, 2008). This section begins with an historical perspective of women and college choice, including the impact based on gender and power dynamics.…”

“…Since then, changes have been made to allow women to pursue higher education. Although the enrollment of women surpassed enrollment of men within the last 30 years (Allan, 2011;Reynolds & Burge, 2008), the issue of inequity/inequality persists.…”