Educational differences in mortality and hospitalisation for cardiovascular diseases

Bijwaard, Govert E.

doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2021.102565

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 55 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our observations are consistent with a large body of existing literature that has reported a negative association between education level and CVD outcomes [8,10,12,13,28]. A possible explanation for this association is the ability to make better informed health decisions with increasing education level [29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Education Level and Self-Reported Cardiovascular Disease in Norway—The Tromsø Study, 1994–2016

Cathro,

Brenn,

Chen

2023

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading source of morbidity and mortality, and research has shown education level to be a risk factor for the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between education level and self-reported CVD in Tromsø, Norway. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 12,400 participants enrolled in the fourth and seventh surveys of the Tromsø Study (Tromsø4 and Tromsø7) in 1994–1995 and 2015–2016, respectively. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: For every 1-level increase in education, the age-adjusted risk of self-reported CVD decreased by 9% (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.87–0.96), but after adjustment for covariates, the association was weaker (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92–1.01). The association was stronger for women (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.79–0.94) than men (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86–0.97) in age-adjusted models. After adjustment for covariates, the associations for women and men were similarly weak (women: OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.87–1.04; men: OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.91–1.03). In age-adjusted-models, higher education level was associated with a lower risk of self-reported heart attack (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84–0.96), but not stroke (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.90–1.05) or angina (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.90–1.07). There were no clear associations observed in the multivariable models for CVD components (heart attack: OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.91–1.05; stroke: OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.93–1.09; angina: OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.95–1.14). Conclusions: Norwegian adults with a higher education level were at lower risk of self-reported CVD. The association was present in both genders, with a lower risk observed in women than men. After accounting for lifestyle factors, there was no clear association between education level and self-reported CVD, likely due to covariates acting as mediators.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Education Level and Self-Reported Cardiovascular Disease in Norway—The Tromsø Study, 1994–2016

Cathro,

Brenn,

Chen

2023

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Pathways from education to mortality, mediated through income

Bijwaard,

Barclay

2024

Health Economics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lower levels of education are associated with higher mortality. Lower levels of education are also associated with lower income, which is also associated with higher mortality. We investigate the impact of education on mortality and the extent to which this is mediated through income over the life course. We account for both selective educational attainment and selective income over the life course, through inverse propensity weighting (IPW) of the mortality hazard. We decompose the educational gain, that is, the decrease in mortality from more education, in the hazard into an indirect effect of education, running through changes in income and a direct effect of education, running through other factors. We use Swedish conscription data (men only), linked to parental information and individual annual income for the period 1968 till 2012. Our empirical results indicate large educational gains in mortality. We also find that this educational gradient runs through changes in income, especially for the more educated, and does not run through other factors related to education. We conduct several robustness and sensitivity checks that indicate that the results are robust.

show abstract

Increased Schooling Reduces Hospitalization Later in Life: New Evidence with Optimal Instruments from the United States

Yue,

Ponce,

Needleman

et al. 2023

American Journal of Health Economics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Educational differences in mortality and hospitalisation for cardiovascular diseases

Cited by 3 publications

References 55 publications

Education Level and Self-Reported Cardiovascular Disease in Norway—The Tromsø Study, 1994–2016

Education Level and Self-Reported Cardiovascular Disease in Norway—The Tromsø Study, 1994–2016

Pathways from education to mortality, mediated through income

Increased Schooling Reduces Hospitalization Later in Life: New Evidence with Optimal Instruments from the United States

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About