Educational Case: Coccidioidomycosis

Brineman, Rachel; Nichols, Larry

doi:10.1016/j.acpath.2022.100042

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…Coccidioidomycosis (also known as Valley Fever), caused by Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii from soils, is a group of fungal infections of the Western hemisphere and is endemic to areas with reduced rainfall levels, occurring between the latitudes 40° north and 40° south [ 226 , 227 , 228 ] ( Table S2 ). The disease ranges from mild, self-limited, febrile illnesses to severe life-threatening infections [ 229 ].…”

Section: Fungal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Manifestations of Human Exposure to Fungi

Oliveira

Lisboa

et al. 2023

JoF

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Biological particles, along with inorganic gaseous and particulate pollutants, constitute an ever-present component of the atmosphere and surfaces. Among these particles are fungal species colonizing almost all ecosystems, including the human body. Although inoffensive to most people, fungi can be responsible for several health problems, such as allergic fungal diseases and fungal infections. Worldwide fungal disease incidence is increasing, with new emerging fungal diseases appearing yearly. Reasons for this increase are the expansion of life expectancy, the number of immunocompromised patients (immunosuppressive treatments for transplantation, autoimmune diseases, and immunodeficiency diseases), the number of uncontrolled underlying conditions (e.g., diabetes mellitus), and the misusage of medication (e.g., corticosteroids and broad-spectrum antibiotics). Managing fungal diseases is challenging; only four classes of antifungal drugs are available, resistance to these drugs is increasing, and no vaccines have been approved. The present work reviews the implications of fungal particles in human health from allergic diseases (i.e., allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, severe asthma with fungal sensitization, thunderstorm asthma, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis, and occupational lung diseases) to infections (i.e., superficial, subcutaneous, and systemic infections). Topics such as the etiological agent, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment will be revised to improve the knowledge of this growing health concern.

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