Education, Social Reform, and the State: ESEA and Federal Education Policy in the 1960s

Access to Better Education: The School Choice Experience of Families Served by Low-Performing Elementary Public Schools in Miami-Dade County

“…Some schools were never integrated and some are currently experiencing resegregation (Orfield and Yun 1999;Borman et al 2004;Orfield and Lee 2005). The ESEA was part of a national priority to combat poverty (Kantor 1991;Urban and Wagoner 2009). The funds were used for Title I programs that target educationally disadvantaged students (Kantor 1991;Urban and Wagoner 2009).…”

“…The ESEA was part of a national priority to combat poverty (Kantor 1991;Urban and Wagoner 2009). The funds were used for Title I programs that target educationally disadvantaged students (Kantor 1991;Urban and Wagoner 2009). The ESEA suffered from lax oversight and no prescribed program (Kantor 1991).…”

“…The funds were used for Title I programs that target educationally disadvantaged students (Kantor 1991;Urban and Wagoner 2009). The ESEA suffered from lax oversight and no prescribed program (Kantor 1991). School districts were left to utilize the funds as they saw fit and this resulted in little change in the status quo.…”

“…Attempts to provide quality education and equalize outcomes have been largely ineffective (Kantor 1991;Guthrie and Springer 2004;Darling-Hammond 2007;Ravitch 2013). The education system has proven to be unyielding to the attempts of various policies focused on providing equal access to quality educational opportunities to students served by the public school system.…”

“…On the contrary, evidence supports the notion that the education system plays a major role in maintaining social stratification (Bowles 1972;Massey and Denton 1993;Kao and Thompson 2003;MacLeod 2009). Over the last 60 years, a variety of equity focused policy initiatives have attempted to level the playing field by addressing the barriers to equal access to quality educational opportunities (Kantor 1991;Guthrie and Springer 2004;Darling-Hammond 2007;Urban and Wagoner 2009;Ravitch 2013). However, these policies have been unsuccessful in fixing the problem because they often ignore broad social and economic issues that affect access to quality education.…”