Education differentials in mortality by cause of death: United States, 1960

Abstract

RESUMENUn andlisis de diferencias educaciones en la mortalidad por causa de muerte [ue hecho posible por la comparacion de 340.000 certificadoe de dejunci/m, sobreun total de 535.000 muertes ocurridas en Estados Unidos durante cuatro meses, (desde Mayo a Agosto de 1960), con las cifras del Censo de 1960. Desde que solamente alrededor un 80% de los fallecimientos pudieron ser comparadas con datos de las Cedulas Censole«, se tomaron precauciones para controlar los errores obteniendo in-[ormacion. de tipo censal para las defunciones no controladas. Una [uerie relacior; inversa entre mortalidadynivelde educacion que obtenida enie poblacion blanca de USA en 1960, para varones y mujeres con consistente declinacion en la mortalidad al aumentar los anos de escolaridad. Tambien las causas especificas de muerte [ueroti principalmente inversamente relacionadas con la educacion, La mds importante excepcion fue encontrada en la relacior: positiva entre muerte por cancer de prosiaui para hombres y cancer de mamas para mujeres. Se obtuvieron medidas de los "excesos de muerte" por causa, esto es la proporcioti de muertes que se hubieran evitado si la mortalidad de los 3 grupos de menor educaeum hubiera sido igual a la de los mds educados. Para hombres mayores de 25 anos "exceso de mortalidad" por causa de muerte constituyo el9.4 por ciento de las muertes en 1960 y para mujeres el 29.2 pot ciento de las muertes. "Exceso de mortalidad" entre hombres excedia el 40 por ciento de las muertes causadas por accidentee, cancer de esiomaqo y tuberculosis. "Exceso de mortalidad" entre mujeres excedia el 40% de las muertes causadas por cancer de estomago, diabetis mellitus, hipertension y arteriosclorosis y enfermedades degenerativas del corazon. El estudio senala la importante contribucion que la epidemiologia socioeconomica contrastada con la epidemiologia bio-medica, puede hacer en el sentido de reducir la mortalidad. Articulos adicionales basados en eete estudio continuaran apareciendo. SUMMARYAnalysis of educational differentials in mortality by cause of death was made possible by matching some 340,000 death certificates, of a total of 535,000 deaths which occurred in the United States during the months May-August, 1960, to the 1960 Since only about 80 percent of the deaths could be matched to census schedules, provision was made for the control of bias by obtaining census-type information for the unmatched deaths.A strong inverse relation of mortality to level of education obtained among the white population of the United States in 1960 for both males and females, with consistent declines in mortality as years of schooling increased. Specific causes of death were, in the main, also inversely related to education, the most important exceptions being found in the positive relationship between death by reason of prostatic cancer for males and death by reason of mammary cancer for females.Measurement was obtained of "excess deaths" by cause, that is, the proportion of deaths which would have been saved if the mortality of the three less-...

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