With the rapid technological development of surgery robots nowadays, however, there is not scientific assessment system to accurately and objectively study on operation proficiency of surgery robot user. A scientific and precise comprehensive assessment model is established on a scientific assessment indicator system, with the scientific assessment indicator system, the comprehensive assessment results can be obtained. The paper aims to elaborate how to establish a scientific assessment model to evaluate the proficiency of primary surgical operation by robot. Here is the analysis method: the preliminary assessment indicators about the proficiency of primary surgical operation by robot are widely researched and collected by means of expert opinions and literature review, and then with the analytic hierarchy process, the assessment indicators will be further selected to ensure the weight of each grade of assessment indicators, and finally to establish an optional assessment indicator system.