Education and self‐hypnosis in the management of low back pain: A component analysis

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis

et al. 2009

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a significant healthcare problem, and many individuals with CLBP remain unresponsive to available interventions. Previous research suggests that hypnosis is effective for many chronic pain conditions; however, data to support its efficacy for CLBP are outdated and have been limited primarily to case studies. This pilot study indicated that a brief, 4-session standardized self-hypnosis protocol, combined with psycho-education, significantly and substantially reduced pain intensity and pain interference. Significant session-to-session improvements were also noted on pain ratings and mood states; however, follow-up data suggest that these benefits may not have been maintained across time in this sample. These findings need to be replicated and confirmed in a larger clinical trial, which could also assess the long-term effects of this treatment.

Section: Hypnotic Analgesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypnotizabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hypnosis Treatment for Chronic Low Back Pain

Tan

Fukui

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis

et al. 2009

“…Spinhoven, Linssen, Van Dyck and Zitman, 1992), low back pain (e.g. Spinhoven and Linssen, 1989), arthritis (e.g. Gay, Phillipport and Luminet, 2002), fibromyalgia (Haanen, Hoenderdos, van Romunde, Hop, Mallee and Terwiel and Hekster, 1991), disability- and cancer-related pain (e.g.…”

Section: Conclusion Drawn From Previous Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficacy of hypnotic analgesia in adults: A review of the literature

Stoelb

Molton

et al. 2008

Contemporary Hypnosis

This article both summarizes the previous reviews of randomized, controlled trials of hypnotic analgesia for the treatment of chronic and acute pain in adults, and reviews similar trials which have recently been published in the scientific literature. The results indicate that for both chronic and acute pain conditions: (1) hypnotic analgesia consistently results in greater decreases in a variety of pain outcomes compared to no treatment/standard care; (2) hypnosis frequently out-performs nonhypnotic interventions (e.g. education, supportive therapy) in terms of reductions in pain-related outcomes; and (3) hypnosis performs similarly to treatments that contain hypnotic elements (such as progressive muscle relaxation), but is not surpassed in efficacy by these alternative treatments. Factors that may influence the efficacy of hypnotic analgesia interventions are discussed, including, but not limited to, the patient's level of suggestibility, treatment outcome expectancy, and provider expertise. Based upon this body of literature, suggestions are offered for practitioners who are using, or would like to use, hypnosis for the amelioration of pain problems in their patients or clients.

“…Training patients to use hypnosis is one treatment for chronic pain that has been evaluated across a variety of conditions, including fibromyalgia, low back pain, disabilityrelated pain, cancer-related pain, arthritis, irritable bowel syndrome, and headache [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Hypnosis can be used as a stand-alone or adjunctive treatment, with some research demonstrating the ability Implications Researchers: Researchers should consider evaluating suggestion type when studying pain-related and functional outcomes and the neural networks implicated in both pain and hypnosis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiology of pain and hypnosis for chronic pain

Dillworth

Mendoza

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

2011

In the past decade there has been a dramatic increase in (1) understanding the neurophysiological components of the pain experiences, (2) randomized clinical trials testing the efficacy of hypnotic treatments on chronic pain, and (3) laboratory research examining the effects of hypnosis on the neurophysiological processes implicated in pain. Work done in these areas has not only demonstrated the efficacy of hypnosis for treating chronic pain but is beginning to shed light on neurophysiological processes that may play a role in its effectiveness. This paper reviews a selection of published studies from these areas of research, focusing on recent findings that have the most potential to inform both clinical work and research in this area. The paper concludes with research and clinical recommendations for maximizing treatment efficacy based on the research findings that are available. KEYWORDSHypnosis, Hypnotic analgesia, Chronic pain, Neurophysiology, Hypnotic suggestions Chronic pain, defined as pain lasting longer than 6 months [1], is a complex experience that requires multifaceted approaches for both evaluation and treatment [1,2]. Chronic pain is considered to have an underlying biological basis, for which medications and physical treatments are commonly prescribed. Medical approaches for pain relief and management include pharmacological and surgical interventions as well as physical therapy. While nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are commonly used to treat mild pain from inflammation, opioid analgesics are the mainstay of pharmacologic treatment of moderate to severe pain [2][3][4][5][6]. However, prolonged use of opioids may result in opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia, which is an increased sensitivity to pain. These problems, coupled with unpleasant medication side effects, may lead to discontinuation of treatment [7]. Depending on the patient's condition and cause of pain, surgery is typically considered for the treatment of chronic pain when it is deemed medically necessary or after other treatments have failed. These include intrathecal drug delivery [8], spinal cord stimulation [9], radiofrequency ablation [10], and chemical sympathectomy [11]. One concern is that even though surgical procedures can provide pain relief, they also may permanently damage the person's ability to perceive other sensations, such as light touch and temperature changes, and can cause different pain problems to occur.Medical approaches for pain reduction are only one element of an interdisciplinary approach, since gains in physical and social functioning are important goals as well [12]. Psychosocial and neuropsychological models of chronic pain show that pain treatment cannot focus solely on the sensation of pain itself (e.g., pain intensity) but must also consider the affective (e.g., emotional suffering), cognitive (e.g., beliefs about pain) and behavioral (e.g., inactivity) responses which also impact the overall experience of pain [13][14][15]. This idea has been further supported by research ev...