Education and earnings in urban West Africa

Kuepié, Mathias; Nordman, Christophe Jalil; Roubaud, François

doi:10.1016/j.jce.2008.09.007

Cited by 64 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In an analysis of only urban HE owners (who are more likely to run their enterprise full time as a primary economic activity), Rankin et al (2010) found the typical convexity in returns for this sector, but with the returns tending to be smaller than in wage employment, especially wage employment in large firms. Kuepie et al (2009) found a similar result for HE owners in the capital cities in W. Africa. They also found a lower R 2 in the earnings regressions for the HE owners and informal wage workers compared with the formal wage workers.…”

Section: Earnings and Their Determinantssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…24 This result is seen most clearly when dummy variables are used for levels of education, instead of a simple linear or quadratic specification is used with years of education. Kuepie, Nordman, and Roubaud (2009) found that instrumenting for education (to reduce the influence of selection bias on this variable) still produces high and convex returns. Fox and Oviedo (2008) also controlled for age cohort, and showed that the rapid expansion of education in Eastern and Southern Africa reduced returns to secondary education substantially for the younger workers in the sample compared with older cohorts, controlling for firm and individual characteristics.…”

Section: Earnings and Their Determinantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are African Households Heterogeneous Agents?: Stylized Facts on Patterns of Consumption, Employment, Income and Earnings for Macroeconomic Modelers

Fox

2015

IMF Working Papers

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This paper reviews the evidence on how households in Sub-Saharan Africa segment along consumption, income and earning dimensions relevant for quantitative macroeconomic policy models which incorporate heterogeneity. Key findings include the importance of home-grown food in the income and consumption of house-holds well up the income distribution, the lack of formal financial inclusion for all but the richest households, and the importance of non-wage income. These stylized facts suggest that an externally-generated macroeconomic shock and the short-term policy response would mainly affect the behavior and welfare of these richer urban households, who are also more likely to have the means to cope. Middle class and poor households, especially in rural areas, should be insulated from these external shocks but vulnerable to a wide range of structural factors in the economy as well as idiosyncratic shocks. JEL Classification Numbers: D31, E60, J01, O11, O23

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Section: Earnings and Their Determinantssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Earnings and Their Determinantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are African Households Heterogeneous Agents?: Stylized Facts on Patterns of Consumption, Employment, Income and Earnings for Macroeconomic Modelers

Fox

2015

IMF Working Papers

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“…See, for example, French and Dunlap (1998), Groot and Maassen van den Brink (1998), Lanfranchi et al (2002), Magnani (2002), Clark and Senik (2006), Bockerman andIlmakunnas (2006), andPoggi (2007). 8 See Brilleau, Ouedraogo and Roubaud (2005) for details on the survey methodology and Kuepie, Nordman and Roubaud (2009) for first econometric analyses of the data collected. samples further to individuals aged 15 and over with at least five years of potential labour market experience in order to take account of workers' employment histories and thereby understand the longitudinal aspects of vulnerability.…”

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confidence: 99%

Employment Vulnerability and Earnings in Urban West Africa

2010

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Abstract:In this article, we develop indicators of vulnerability in employment in seven economic capitals of West Africa (Abidjan, Bamako, Cotonou, Dakar, Lome, Niamey, and Ouagadougou) and study their links with individual incomes from the main job. We draw on data from the 1-2-3 Surveys in 2002-2003 to make a cross-country comparison using rigorously the same variables and methodology for each country. The theory of compensating differentials states that workers may receive pecuniary compensation commensurate with the strenuous or hazardous nature of their tasks or adverse working conditions. Our interpretation of the link between employment status and incomes draws on these developments, applying them to both working conditions themselves and more broadly to vulnerability in employment. The main tested assumption is that high levels of employment vulnerability could be compensated by greater earnings. Following recent work by Fernandez and Nordman (2009), we allow for individual and job characteristics (the latter being used to construct the composite index of vulnerability) to be differentially valued for conditionally high and low income earners.Our composite index of employment vulnerability indicates that 85% of the private sector workers in all the economic capitals studied are vulnerable on the basis of at least one criterion. The results show that the average impact of vulnerability on earnings is generally negative for an average level of vulnerability. In the formal private sector of the West African cities, losses of income due to vulnerability are lower for high levels of vulnerability, but do not translate into gains. In the informal sector, however, the average predicted income for a high vulnerability level is higher than the average predicted income for a low vulnerability level. The assumption that average gains may compensate for a certain level of vulnerability is thus confirmed in the informal sector. Quantile earnings regressions show that the impact of vulnerability on earnings is not uniform, particularly in the informal sector where the marginal impact of vulnerability is often positive for higher deciles of the conditional earnings distribution. Consequently, even for average levels of vulnerability, premium pay is found for workers at the top of the distribution. Lastly, we show that the different aspects of vulnerability have diverse impacts on earnings. While there is no compensation for contractual insecurity and itinerant and solitary jobs, visible underemployment generally has a positive impact on the average incomes of workers in these West African cities. Résumé:Dans cet article, nous construisons des indicateurs de la vulnérabilité au travail dans sept capitales économiques d'Afrique de l'Ouest (Abidjan, Bamako, Cotonou, Dakar, Lomé, Niamey, Ouagadougou) et étudions leurs liens avec les revenus individuels de l'activité principale. Selon la théorie des salaires compensatoires, les travailleurs pourraient recevoir des compensations pécuniaires à hauteur de la pénibilité de leu...

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“…Our results indicate that an educated woman sees her probability of working in artisanal mining sector decrease by 21.1%. This is justified by the fact that having a high level of education actually reduces probability of working in informal sector [45] [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artisanal Mining, Employment and Empowerment in the North and East of Côte d’Ivoire

Romuald¹,

Gbane²,

Koffi³

2019

TEL

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This study aims to analyze the impact of mining activities and the empowerment of women on their involvement in household development. This involvement is perceived through the level of empowerment of women in household. Methodologically, an index of empowerment is designed from methods of inertia. Then, employability of women in artisanal mine is modeled from her characteristics. Finally, a logit model is established to measure factors impacting women's empowerment at household level. It emerges that the level of women's empowerment in her household increases as she earns an income of 60,000 FCFA and more per month. In addition, 66.21% of women are autonomous at household level. Therefore, it is appropriate to re-examine current conditions of employment of women, without favoring it in less risky or affordable work.

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Education and earnings in urban West Africa

Cited by 64 publications

References 36 publications

Are African Households Heterogeneous Agents?: Stylized Facts on Patterns of Consumption, Employment, Income and Earnings for Macroeconomic Modelers

Are African Households Heterogeneous Agents?: Stylized Facts on Patterns of Consumption, Employment, Income and Earnings for Macroeconomic Modelers

Employment Vulnerability and Earnings in Urban West Africa

Artisanal Mining, Employment and Empowerment in the North and East of Côte d’Ivoire

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Education and earnings in urban West Africa

Cited by 64 publications

References 36 publications

Are African Households Heterogeneous Agents?: Stylized Facts on Patterns of Consumption, Employment, Income and Earnings for Macroeconomic Modelers

Are African Households Heterogeneous Agents?: Stylized Facts on Patterns of Consumption, Employment, Income and Earnings for Macroeconomic Modelers

Employment Vulnerability and Earnings in Urban West Africa

Artisanal Mining, Employment and Empowerment in the North and East of C&#244;te d’Ivoire

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Product

Resources

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Artisanal Mining, Employment and Empowerment in the North and East of Côte d’Ivoire