Education and development in Brazil, 1995-2000

Souza, Paulo Renato

doi:10.18356/7fd1f75a-en

Cited by 4 publications

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“…These countries are also suffering from the challenges of high illiteracy rates in India, a high number of out of school children, high drop-out rates in India, high repetition rates in Brazil and South Africa, low enrolment rates in lower secondary education all these countries, high enrolment rates in private institutions, etc. (Bhat, 2013;Jha & Parvati, 2014;Kempner & Jurema, 2002;Motala, 2013;Pandey, 2018;Soares, 2004;Souza, 2001;World Bank, 2018). Singh (2012) studied the implementation of policies and programmes for Education for All in India, Brazil and South Africa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress of IBSA Countries Towards Universal Primary Education: A Comparative Analysis

Kaur¹

2021

MJESTP

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Free and compulsory primary education remains a priority area in the international policy perspective, starting from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 to the formulation of Sustainable Development Goals in 2015. Under the impact of globalization, an impressive expansion in the access to primary education has been observed in recent decades and the global trends in enrolment rates across the developing world have attested this fact. However, many developing countries, such as India, Brazil and South Africa (IBSA), are still struggling with the goal of quality primary education for all. The IBSA countries are emerging economies and very proactive in addressing past inequalities prevalent in their countries. With the cooperation of international organizations, national policy planning and other initiatives, these countries have performed quite well in the educational attainment. But even today, these countries have not achieved the goal of quality primary education for all. This paper reviews the attainment of free and compulsory primary education in these countries, along with the challenges faced in the achievement of universal primary education. These challenges may hinder the progress of these countries towards the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress of IBSA Countries Towards Universal Primary Education: A Comparative Analysis

Kaur¹

2021

MJESTP

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Lasers in Aerospace Industry Manufacturing

Mazumder

2010

Encyclopedia of Aerospace Engineering

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The Aerospace Industry has adopted laser technology from its early days and several laser‐aided manufacturing processes have become routine. Lasers can deliver energy from zero to a trillion watts in a small spot in an instant. That generated a wide portfolio. For example, laser peening needs more than 10 9 W cm −2 , whereas laser welding can be accomplished with 10 6 W cm −2 ; laser drilling requires 10 8 W cm −2 compared to 10 5 W cm −2 or more for laser cladding and solid free form formation. The mechanism for different processes is different although the energy source is common. Interaction time for each process is different, too. Laser shock peening utilizes nanosecond pulses compared to millisecond pulses for drilling. Welding and cladding are generally carried out with continuous wave. The role they play is also varied. Drilling generates cooling holes for turbine blades to enhance the operating temperature whereas shot peening produces residual compressive stress on the blades to improve fatigue properties and reduce crack propagation. Welding is mostly used to join structural components whereas cladding repair of reconfigured aerospace components is used to increase their service life. This chapter will discuss the four most common uses of lasers in Aerospace Industry Manufacturing.

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Rural-Urban Migration and the Skill Wage Premium in Brazil: 1980-2000

Freire

2014

SSRN Journal

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Education and development in Brazil, 1995-2000

Cited by 4 publications

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Progress of IBSA Countries Towards Universal Primary Education: A Comparative Analysis

Progress of IBSA Countries Towards Universal Primary Education: A Comparative Analysis

Lasers in Aerospace Industry Manufacturing

Rural-Urban Migration and the Skill Wage Premium in Brazil: 1980-2000

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