Prevalence estimates between 15-40% of the general population have been reported in epidemiologic studies of chronic noncancer pain 1 which includes headache, arthritis, fibromyalgia, low back and neck, post-traumatic, neuropathic, visceral and other causes of pain. Recognizing the biopsychosocial complexity of chronic pain and the fact that diagnosis and/or cure of underlying conditions is often unsuccessful, John Bonica et al. pioneered the concept of multidisciplinary pain clinics over 50 years ago to manage these devastating conditions. 2 Although chronic pain generally presents first to primary care practitioners, pain clinic referrals are made often for resistance to first-line treatments, severe unremitting pain and/or complex psychosocial situations. A wide variety of chronic pain treatment interventions are aimed at reducing pain, improving mood, promoting better physical, occupational, and social function, and teaching individual and family coping skills. A longstanding recognition of the value of pain clinics together with an increasing prevalence of chronic pain have led to growth in demand, waiting list size, and international concerns over limited pain treatment resources. 3,4 In Canada, a task force was recently established to study pain treatment waiting times. 4 In this issue of the Journal, STOP-PAIN Research Group investigators report on the biopsychosocial 5 and economic 6 burden of pain in individuals waiting to consult with a pain specialist.In STOP-PAIN-1, 728 of the 3,343 invitees from a waiting list to be seen at any of eight Canadian universitybased pain clinics completed several validated questionnaires regarding demographics, pain, sleep, and physical and emotional functioning. 5 To evaluate changes over time, 271 of the 512 randomly selected respondents repeated the questionnaires three months afterwards. In the linked STOP-PAIN-2 study, a subgroup of 272 of the 512 randomly selected respondents completed daily questionnaires about publicly and privately funded healthcarerelated costs (direct and indirect) over a three-month period. 6 STOP-PAIN-1 results indicated a shockingly high level of pain burden with ratings of severe pain, sleep disturbance, and interference with normal activities in approximately 66% of respondents, moderate or severe depression in 50% of respondents, and suicidal ideation in 35% of respondents. Compared with the general population, the results of the SF-36 questionnaire suggested profound quality of life impairments of 40-70% of respondents. Despite some small statistical differences, changes over the three-month follow up were unremarkable. STOP-PAIN-2 results indicated median participant care costs of $1,462 (CDN)/month or an overwhelming $17,544/year, the vast majority of which was indirect, e.g., lost labour time, and privately funded. As with other surveys, these investigations need to be considered in the context of some important methodological limitations, including likely heterogeneity of the study population, limited generalization to broader trea...