Editors' Choice—Modeling and Validation of Local Electrowinning Electrode Current Density Using Two Phase Flow and Nernst–Planck Equations

Werner, Joshua; Zeng, Weizhi; Free, Michael L.; Zhang, Z.; Cho, J.

doi:10.1149/2.0581805jes

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The boundary conditions for the electrolyte adjacent to the electrodes obey the Butler–Volmer equation for electrochemical reaction kinetics. The diffusion coefficient D of 2.93 × 10 −6 cm 2 s −1 in T = 298.15 K was applied, calculated by the Nernst–Einstein relation ( D = μRT/zF )46 where μ is the ionic mobility, R the gas constant, T the absolute temperature, z the ionic charge, and F the Faraday's constant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Conductivity Gradient Based on Heterofibrous Scaffolds for Stable Lithium‐Metal Batteries

Hong

Jung

Kim

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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The inability to guide the nucleation locations of electrochemically deposited Li has long been considered the main factor limiting the utilization of high‐energy‐density Li‐metal batteries. In this study, an electrical conductivity gradient interfacial host comprising 1D high conductivity copper nanowires and nanocellulose insulating layers is used in stable Li‐metal anodes. The conductivity gradient system guides the nucleation sites of Li‐metal to be directed during electrochemical plating. Additionally, the controlled parameter of the intermediate layer affects the highly stable Li‐metal plating. The electrochemical behavior is confirmed through experiments associated with the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation data. The distributed Li‐ion reaction flux resulting from the controlled electrical conductivity enables stable cycling for more than 250 cycles at 1 mA cm−2. The gradient system effectively suppresses dendrite growth even at a high current density of 5 mA cm−2 and ensures Li plating and stripping with ultra‐long‐term stability. To demonstrate the high‐energy‐density full‐cell application of the developed anode, it is paired with the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode. The cells demonstrate a high capacity retention of 90% with an extremely high Coulombic efficiency of 99.8% over 100 cycles. These results shed light on the formidable challenges involved in exploiting the engineering aspects of high‐energy‐density Li‐metal batteries.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Conductivity Gradient Based on Heterofibrous Scaffolds for Stable Lithium‐Metal Batteries

Hong

Jung

Kim

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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“…In this paper, the average volume fraction of all of the bubbles is considered. The partial or complete blockage of pores was taken into account using the power dependence in Equation (17). O2 molecule across the solution-gas interface, kv (Equation ( 19)).…”

Section: The Bubble Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mathematical modeling is the most important way to deepen the understanding of the behavior of physical systems. Despite the extensive modeling of bubble evolution from flat surfaces [ 17 , 18 ], there is relatively little theoretical work on the formation of bubbles inside porous electrodes [ 19 ]. There is even less work on the modeling of the evolution of gas bubbles in systems with a cross-flow configuration when a solution is pumped through the anode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Formation of Gas Bubbles inside the Pores of Reactive Electrochemical Membranes in the Process of the Anodic Oxidation of Organic Compounds

Mareev

Skolotneva

Cretin

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The use of reactive electrochemical membranes (REM) in flow-through mode during the anodic oxidation of organic compounds makes it possible to overcome the limitations of plate anodes: in the case of REM, the area of the electrochemically active surface is several orders of magnitude larger, and the delivery of organic compounds to the reaction zone is controlled by convective flow rather than diffusion. The main problem with REM is the formation of fouling and gas bubbles in the pores, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the process because the hydraulic resistance increases and the electrochemically active surface is shielded. This work aims to study the processes underlying the reduction in the efficiency of anodic oxidation, and in particular the formation of gas bubbles and the recharge of the REM pore surface at a current density exceeding the limiting kinetic value. We propose a simple one-dimensional non-stationary model of the transport of diluted species during the anodic oxidation of paracetamol using REM to describe the above effects. The processing of the experimental data was carried out. It was found that the absolute value of the zeta potential of the pore surface decreases with time, which leads to a decrease in the permeate flux due to a reduction in the electroosmotic flow. It was shown that in the solution that does not contain organic components, gas bubbles form faster and occupy a larger pore fraction than in the case of the presence of paracetamol; with an increase in the paracetamol concentration, the gas fraction decreases. This behavior is due to a decrease in the generation of oxygen during the recombination reaction of the hydroxyl radicals, which are consumed in the oxidation reaction of the organic compounds. Because the presence of bubbles increases the hydraulic resistance, the residence time of paracetamol—and consequently its degradation degree—increases, but the productivity goes down. The model has predictive power and, after simple calibration, can be used to predict the performance of REM anodic oxidation systems.

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“…The diameter of bubble is assumed as 0.1 mm. 26 C d is calculated, under Hadamard-Rybcynski model which fits for small globular bubble, as…”

Section: The Building Process Of Cell Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nonisothermal two‐phase model based on mixed convection in passive μDMFC

Wang

Yuan

2020

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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During the working process of passive microdirect methanol fuel cell (μDMFC), the characteristics of inverse movement between two-phase substances are quite distinct from macro gas-liquid inverse movement, including electrochemical reactions, electrical drag, multicomponent diffusion, evaporation, and condensation. Due to the complexity of internal operation system of μDMFC, it is difficult to monitor and analyze dynamic property currently only by experiment. Therefore, in this paper, an integrated and accurate prediction model to explore two-phase transmission is build up, to investigate different effects by varying parameters, and to maximize cell performance. First, the accuracy of the simulation is proved by experimental tests. Then, a comprehensive, two-phase mass transfer model of passive DMFC is established. The methanol concentration, oxygen concentration, cathode and anode flow velocity and pressure distribution, potential distribution, and anode saturation distribution are studied. Moreover, a nonisothermal model considering the natural convection in the anode is established, the velocity field in the tank, the temperature distribution of the cell, the methanol distribution, and the temperature distribution on the anode catalyst layer is optimized. The research results can provide accurate theoretical support for fuel cell internal component preparation and μDMFC portable applications. K E Y W O R D Sgas-liquid inverse movement, microdirect methanol fuel cell, nonisothermal model

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Editors' Choice—Modeling and Validation of Local Electrowinning Electrode Current Density Using Two Phase Flow and Nernst–Planck Equations

Cited by 27 publications

References 25 publications

Electrical Conductivity Gradient Based on Heterofibrous Scaffolds for Stable Lithium‐Metal Batteries

Electrical Conductivity Gradient Based on Heterofibrous Scaffolds for Stable Lithium‐Metal Batteries

Modeling the Formation of Gas Bubbles inside the Pores of Reactive Electrochemical Membranes in the Process of the Anodic Oxidation of Organic Compounds

The nonisothermal two‐phase model based on mixed convection in passive μDMFC

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